Capacidade adaptativa às secas visando segurança hídrica: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v17.6.p4554-4574Palavras-chave:
estratégia adaptativa, resiliência, vulnerabilidade, escassez hídricaResumo
Capacidade adaptativa é frequentemente relacionada à resposta aos impactos das mudanças climáticas, inclusive intensificação de secas. Apesar do crescente interesse pelo tema, ainda não há clareza de como esse conceito se relaciona com a seca em diferentes contextos. Com o intuito de preencher essa lacuna, este artigo tem por objetivo compreender como e quais conceitos de capacidade adaptativa têm sido utilizados no campo específico da gestão de secas, bem como a relação entre capacidade adaptativa e outros conceitos associados. Diante da amplitude do campo, a pesquisa contribui para ampliar a disponibilidade de referências acadêmicas consolidadas visando subsidiar discussões e aplicações práticas do conceito, especialmente na gestão das águas. Por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, foram selecionados e analisados 89 artigos, datados entre 2001 e 2023, incluídos nas bases de dados SCOPUS e Web of Science, em línguas inglesa e portuguesa. Os achados mostram que o conceito de capacidade adaptativa não incorporou especificidades relativas aos eventos de seca. Observou-se alta diversidade de abordagens teóricas e metodológicas, sobretudo em relação aos determinantes da capacidade adaptativa, e um crescente interesse por regiões de climas temperados e tropicais. As abordagens relativas à capacidade adaptativa (CA) foram livremente organizadas em quatro agrupamentos: CA como conceito central, CA & vulnerabilidade, CA & resiliência e CA & gestão das águas. Entendemos que o conceito de CA poderia utilizar as especificidades da seca a seu favor, ao empreender mudanças na direção da incorporação de alguns aprendizados: i) ser abordado de maneira tão específica quanto possível; ii) considerar inter-relações com níveis mais amplos de gestão e governança; e iii) fomentar mecanismos de aprendizagem social e flexibilidade.
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