Modelo geoestadístico de la distribución espacial de arsénico y plomo en la superficie de depósitos de relaves abandonados en la comuna de Andacollo, región de Coquimbo – Chile

Keyla Manuela Alencar da Silva Allves; Maria Carolina Parodi Dávila; Andrés Sepúlveda Peñaloza; Erik Zimmermann; Jessica Chacón

doi:10.26848/rbgf.v15.2.p974-993

Autores

Keyla Manuela Alencar da Silva Allves Universidad Tecnologica Metropolitana http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7635-2430
Maria Carolina Parodi Dávila UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLOGICA METROPOLITANA http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2132-5168
Andrés Sepúlveda Peñaloza UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLOGICA METROPOLITANA http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3687-2922
Erik Zimmermann UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE ROSARIO http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7737
Jessica Chacón UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLOGICA METROPOLITANA http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1215-3293

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.2.p974-993

Palavras-chave:

Geoestadística, Contaminación, XRF, Minería, Relaves.

Resumo

La comuna de Andacollo se localiza en la región de Coquimbo al norte de Chile. Posee una superficie de 310 km², y una demografía de 11.044 habitantes. De acuerdo con el Catastro Nacional de Relaves de 2020 del Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería, existen en Chile un total de 743 depósitos de relave, de los cuales 105 están ubicados en Andacollo. De acuerdo con lo mencionado anteriormente, según el Ministerio de Minería se definen como un residuo, mezcla de mineral molido con agua y otros compuestos, que quedan como resultado de la extracción de minerales sulfurados en el proceso de flotación. En los relaves visitados durante las campañas a terreno realizadas en 2019 y 2020, se realizaron colectas de muestras de sedimentos, y se pudo evidenciar a través de mediciones realizadas con un equipo XRF portátil, que varias de las muestras colectadas contenían concentraciones de metales pesados sobre la normativa de la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de Estados Unidos. Las fuentes de contaminación, es decir los depósitos de relaves abandonados, se encuentran expuestos a la propagación en el medio ambiente a través de la dinámica de diversos factores físicos. Dada la relevancia de estos fenómenos, es imprescindible contar con un conocimiento preciso de la concentración y distribución de elementos potencialmente perjudiciales para la salud de la población. Por lo anteriormente expuesto, en este estudio se presenta un modelo geoestadístico de la distribución espacial de arsénico y plomo en la superficie de los depósitos de relaves abandonados en Andacollo.

Palabras-claves: geoestadística, contaminación, XRF, minería, relaves.

Geostatistical model of the spatial distribution of arsenic and lead on the surface of abandoned tailings in the Andacollo city, Coquimbo region - Chile

A B S T R A C T

The commune of Andacollo is located in the Coquimbo region in northern Chile. It has an area of 310 km2 and a population of 11,044 inhabitants. According to the National Tailings Cadastre 2020 of the National Geology and Mining Service, there are a total of 743 tailings in Chile, of which 105 are located in Andacollo. As mentioned above, according to the Ministry of Mining, tailings are defined as a residue, a mixture of ground ore with water and other compounds, left over from the extraction of sulfide minerals in the flotation process. In the tailings visited during the field campaigns conducted in 2019 and 2020, sediment samples were collected, and it was evident through measurements made with portable XRF equipment, that several of the samples collected contained concentrations of heavy metals above the United States Environmental Protection Agency regulations. The sources of contamination, that is abandoned tailings deposits, are exposed to propagation in the environment through the dynamics of various physical factors. Given the relevance of these phenomena, it is essential to have a precise knowledge of the concentration and distribution of elements potentially harmful to the health of the population. Therefore, this study presents a geostatistical model of the spatial distribution of arsenic and lead on the surface of abandoned tailings deposits in Andacollo.

Keywords: geostatistics, contamination, XRF, mining, tailings

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