Use of Applied Geotechnology for Analysis of the Permanent Preservation Area - APP of Bico da Pedra Lake, in the Municipality of Janaúba, MG

Abstract

Urbanization in permanent preservation areas (APP) results in eutrophication of water bodies, water contamination and change in gene flow of the fauna and flora. Given the above, the purpose of this study was to analyze the permanent preservation areas of the Bico da Pedra Lake in the municipality of Janaúba, MG, using geotechnology. The methodology consisted of the use of Linear Spectral Mixture Model (LSMM) and the Bhattacharya unsupervised classification developed from the image of the Landsat-5TM satellite to identify the land use and vegetation in the Lake’s APP. Subsequently, we scanned the QuickBird satellite image at a constant scale of 1:5000 with the purpose of measuring the built-up areas located in the APP in the analysis. The results identified the presence of exposed soil and vegetation suppression in certain locations in the APP. The quantitative area of the APP was measured at 1768.89 ha, with the presence of 15% exposed soil, 32% sparse vegetation, 52% dense vegetation, and 1% non-classified area. We performed scanning for the presence of masonry buildings and farms; 79 of which are in the maximum level of flooding and 217 are in the APP. We concluded that the study obtained satisfactory results for the analysis and measurement of the area of permanent preservation area, allowing the identification of targets and vegetation accurately. Thus, it is inferred that this methodology can be applied in permanent preservation areas in separate locations aiming at monitoring and environmental supervision.