Distribuição média dos Climas Zonais no Globo: estudos preliminares de uma nova classificação climática (Average distribution of Zonal Climates on the Globe: preliminary studies of a new climatic classification)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v.10.5.p1614-1623Keywords:
Zonas climáticas, climas zonais, incidência solar, temperatura média do mês mais frioAbstract
As classificações climáticas são métodos empregados na identificação e caracterização de tipos climáticos, apresentando aplicações em várias áreas que dependem direta ou indiretamente das condições ambientais. O presente trabalho lança uma nova abordagem a respeito da distribuição média dos climas zonais no globo, baseada na temperatura média do mês mais frio (TMMMF). Essa condição térmica numa época do ano contribui para mudanças no cotidiano de sociedades em todas as partes do planeta, tanto em relação à percepção ao frio, quanto no acúmulo de neve durante semanas no inverno, ou até mesmo na proliferação de doenças tropicais. Também são sugeridas zonas climáticas, que são fixas e distribuídas em faixas latitudinais, determinadas por linhas imaginárias de incidência solar. Foi sugerida uma linha imaginária em torno dos paralelos de 46°54’ norte e sul, ou seja, até o limite da alta incidência solar durante o verão. As zonas climáticas propostas são: Tórrida, Quente, Moderada, Fria, Polar. O clima zonal tem origem em sua própria zona climática, porém, pode ultrapassar seus limites, alterando as condições térmicas em outras zonas climáticas. Para determinar a localização dos climas zonais no território brasileiro, foram utilizados dados (1985-2015) de 25 estações do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). Três climas zonais aparecem em território brasileiro (Tórrido, Quente e Moderado), sendo seus limites definidos a partir dos dados de temperatura mínima do mês mais frio nas estações utilizadas. Na comparação com outras classificações climáticas, esse trabalho tem vantagens por possuir uma hierarquia, podendo ser subdividida em domínios, tipos, subtipos e meso/topoclimas.
A B S T R A C T
Climate classifications are methods used to identify and characterize climatic types, presenting applications in several areas that depend directly or indirectly on environmental conditions. The present work launches a new approach regarding the average distribution of zonal climates in the globe, based on the average temperature of the coldest month (TMMMF). This thermal condition at one time of the year contributes to changes in the daily lives of societies in all parts of the planet, both with regard to perception of cold, snow accumulation during winter weeks, or even the proliferation of tropical diseases. Climatic zones are also suggested, which are fixed and distributed in latitudinal bands, determined by imaginary lines of solar incidence. An imaginary line was suggested around the parallels of 46° 54' north and south, that is, up to the limit of the high solar incidence during the summer. The proposed climatic zones are: Torrid, Hot, Moderate, Cold, Polar. The zonal climate originates in its own climatic zone, however, it can exceed its limits, changing the thermal conditions in other climatic zones. To determine the location of zonal climates in Brazilian territory, data (1985-2015) from 25 stations of the National Meteorological Institute (INMET) were used. Three zonal climates appear in Brazilian territory (Torrid, Hot and Moderate), being their limits defined from the data of minimum temperature of the coldest month in the stations used. In comparison with other climatic classifications, this work has advantages because it has a hierarchy and can be subdivided into domains, types, subtypes and meso/topoclimas.
Keywords: climate zones; zonal climates; solar incidence; average temperature of the coldest month.
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Copyright (c) 2017 Giuliano Tostes Novais

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