Variáveis urbanas e os benefícios da implementação de infraestrutura verde: um estudo de caso em cidades brasileiras
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v19.03.p1276-1300Palavras-chave:
pocket park, resiliência, planejamento urbano, biofilia urbana, extremos climáticosResumo
A infraestrutura verde tem sido adotada em áreas urbanas como uma solução baseada na natureza para extremos climáticos. À medida que as sociedades se desenvolvem, os espaços urbanos se expandem, levando a estruturas mais impermeáveis que são suscetíveis aos efeitos de ilha de calor urbana. Com o crescimento populacional e a crescente demanda por moradia, os espaços urbanos designados para áreas verdes estão se tornando cada vez mais escassos. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as variáveis relacionadas à implementação de infraestrutura verde por meio de modelagem e simulação. Duas capitais brasileiras, São Paulo (SP) e Goiânia (GO), foram selecionadas para avaliar variáveis urbanas, como benefícios sociais, saúde humana, redução de temperatura e impactos econômicos e ambientais, em regiões com e sem áreas verdes. A infraestrutura verde adaptada ao planejamento em microescala foi proposta como uma estratégia para mitigar as mudanças climáticas, ao mesmo tempo em que fornece benefícios sociais, econômicos e ambientais. A infraestrutura verde é uma alternativa eficiente para promover a sustentabilidade urbana e aumentar a resiliência das cidades a eventos climáticos extremos. Entre as infraestruturas verdes implementadas, os parques de bolso apresentaram os maiores benefícios sociais devido à oferta de espaços para recreação, lazer e interação. Além disso, soluções de pequena escala têm o potencial de promover a sustentabilidade urbana e, quando combinadas com espécies nativas, podem permitir que estruturas urbanas transformem progressivamente os projetos das cidades por meio da ativação urbana e da recuperação de corredores ecológicos.
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