Análise Comparativa de tecnologias e equipamentos utilizados em Levantamentos Topográficos Planialtimétricos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v19.03.p1378-1403Keywords:
Levantamento topográfico, laser scanner, drones, GNSS RTK, estação total, acurácia.Abstract
Given the diversity of technologies available for topographic surveys, this study is based on the need to benchmark them in order to determine which are most effective in different conditions. To this end, a comparative analysis was carried out between total station, GNSS RTK, drones and terrestrial and aerial laser scanners, assessing accuracy in the extraction of coordinates and measurements, efficiency and applicability. The surveys were carried out over an area of 80 hectares, based on the parameters defined by Decree-Law 89.817/1984 and the Technical Specification for Geospatial Data Quality Control (ET-CQDG) for statistical analysis. The results showed that the drone stood out for its speed and efficiency in obtaining measurements. With control points (GCP), the drone achieved centimetric accuracy in planialtimetry, with average differences of between 2.22 cm and 2.80 cm compared to GNSS RTK and the total station, and reached up to 96.07% of the reference value in volumetric extraction. GNSS RTK and the total station performed similarly in terms of volume estimation, with a difference of just 0.48% between them. However, the comparison between the total station and the terrestrial laser scanner revealed a discrepancy of 12.55% in volume, highlighting the station's limitation in representing complex surfaces. The aerial laser scanner, on the other hand, showed superiority in surveying areas with dense vegetation, due to its ability to penetrate between the treetops. Finally, the study showed that choosing the best method depends on the project specifications, and that limitations can be mitigated by integrating different tools.
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