Prospections on Conflict Prevention and Resolution in South America: the role of the Organization of American States (OAS)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51359/1808-8708.2020.248722Palavras-chave:
Conflict Prevention, Conflict Resolution, Conflicts, South America, Organization of American States (OAS)Resumo
There are countless challenges regarding the construction of a certain degree of international security. The existing configuration of the international system has several mechanisms to minimize the recurrence of interstate conflicts, with the Organization of American States (OAS) being the main reference on the continent. In this context, South America stands out for the low rate of interstate conflicts throughout its history. Taking this unique feature into account, this article proposes the following starting question: to what extent does the OAS, in terms of conflict resolution and prevention, play an important role in South America? It is argued that the organization has a limited role regarding the potential for litigation in the region due to its sui generis characteristic of low-intensity intrastate and interstate conflicts. Methodologically, the deductive approach is adopted, based on a more general analysis of the region to understand its particularities in terms of conflicts, and subsequent OAS action in those conflicts. To this end, the historical procedural and case study methods help the article to map the intrastate and interstate conflicts in South America. The qualitative research technique is also used with literature reviews and documentary analysis. In agreement with the objectives proposed in this article, the role of this regional organization was observed more in the prevention than in the resolution of conflicts in the region.
Referências
BATTAGLINO, J. M. (2012), "The coexistence of peace and conflict in South America: toward a new conceptualization of types of peace". Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 55, no. 2: 131-151.
CALVERT, P. (1983), "Boundary Disputes in Latin America", London: Institute for the Study of Conflict.
COOPER, Andrew Fenton; LEGLER, Thomas. (2006), Intervention without intervening?: the OAS defense and promotion of democracy in the Americas. 1. ed. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
DPP, Departamento para Promoção da Paz. (2020a). Key Peace Instruments. Disponível em: < https://www.oas.org/sap/peacefund/VirtualLibrary/KeyPeaceInstr.html>. Acesso em: 17 ago.
______.(2020b), Peace missions map. Disponível em:
https://www.oas.org/sap/peacefund/VirtualLibrary/Maps.html#1>. Acesso em: 17 ago. 2020.
______.(2020c), Inter-state disputes. Disponível em:
<https://www.oas.org/sap/peacefund/VirtualLibrary/Inter-StatesDisputes.html>. Acesso em: 17 ago. 2020.
______.(2020d), Political missions map. Disponível em:
<https://www.oas.org/sap/peacefund/VirtualLibrary/Maps.html#2>. Acesso em: 17 ago. 2020.
ESTADÃO. (2007), Tensões na América do Sul. Estadão, São Paulo. Disponível em: https://www.estadao.com.br/infograficos/tensao-na-america-do-sul,internacional,331006. Acesso em: 17 de agosto de 2020.
FAGUNDES, Pedro Ernesto. (2010), "A atuação da Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA) nas crises políticas contemporâneas". Meridiano 47, no. 117: 30-32. Disponível em: <http://seer.bce.unb.br/index.php/MED/article/download/439/262>. Acesso em: 20 jun. 2014
GALTUNG, J. (1969), "Violence, Peace, and Peach Research". Journal of Peace Research, no. 6: 167-191.
GALTUNG, J. (1990), "Cultural Violence". Journal of Peace Research, no. 27: 291-305.
HERZ, Mônica. (2011) The Organization of American States (OAS): Global governance away from the media. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge.
HOLSTI, K. J. (1996), The State, War, and the State of War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
MAPP/OEA, Mission to Support the Peace Process in Colombia. (2017), Séptimo Protocolo Adicional al Convenio entre la Secretaría General de La Organización de los Estados Americanos y el Gobierno de la República de Colombia para el Acompañamiento al Proceso de Paz en Colombia, firmado en Bogotá el 23 de enero de 2004. Disponível em: < https://www.mapp-oea.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/SEPTIMO-PROTOCOLO.pdf>. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2020.
MANSFIELD, E. D.; PEVEHOUSE, J. C. (2006), "Democratization and international organizations". International Organization, 60, no. 01: 137-167.
MARES, D. R. (2001), Violent Peace: militarized interstate bargaining in Latin America. New York: Columbia University Press.
MARES, D. R. (2012), Latin America and the illusion of peace. New York: Routledge.
MARTÍN, F. E. (2006), Militarist Peace in South America - Conditions for war and peace. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
MILLER, B. (2000), Explaining Variations in Regional Peace Three Strategies for Peace-making. Cooperation and Conflict, 35, no. 2: 155-192.
Moore, John Norton (1982), “The Inter-American System Snarls in Falklands War”, The American Journal of International Law, v. 76, n. 4.
Shaw, Carolyn M. (2004). Cooperation, conflict, and consensus in the Organization of American States. Palgrave Macmillan: New York.
ORGANIZACIÓN DE LOS ESTADOS AMERICANOS. (2001), Carta Democrática Interamericana. Washington: OEA.
ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES. (1993), Protocol of amendment to the charter of the Organization of American States (a-58) "Protocol of Managua". OAS, G. S. T. Managua, nicaragua: General Assembly.
ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES. (2003), Declaration on Security in the Americas. Mexico City: Special Conference on Security.
PERINA, R. M. (2015) The Organization of American States as the Advocate and Guardian of Democracy: An Insider’s Critical Assessment of its Role in Promoting and Defending Democracy. University Press of America.
RAMSBOTHAM, O.; MIALL, H.; WOODHOUSE, T. (2005), Contemporary Conflict Resolution. Cambridge: Polity Press.
RUSSET, Bruce M. (2011). Hegemony and democracy. Routledge: Oxon; New York.
UNITED NATIONS.(1945), Charter of the United Nations: United Nations Press.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2021 Fernando José Ludwig, Jan Marcel de Almeida Freitas Lacerda
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. href="http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9610.htm">Lei de Direito Autoral n. 9610/98, a Lei nº 5.805/72, bem como os Acordos e Tratados Internacionais de Direito Autoral em vigor no Brasil, quais sejam: Convenção de Berna para a Proteção de Obras Literárias e Artísticas (Decreto Nº 75.699, DE 6 DE MAIO DE 1975), Convenção Universal sobre o Direito de Autor (Decreto Nº 76.905, de 24 DE DEZEMBRO DE 1975), e a Convenção Interamericana sobre os Direitos de Autor em Obras Literárias, Científicas e Artísticas (Decreto Nº 26.675, DE 18 DE MAIO DE 1949).
(2) Os direitos sobre as publicações nesta revista eletrônica pertencem ao(s) autor(es), com direitos de primeira publicação cedidos à Revista Política Hoje. Em virtude do caráter eletrônico da revista, os artigos são de uso gratuito em aplicações educacionais, sem fins comerciais e disponibilizados na Internet no site da revista.
