Comparando Revisões Narrativas e Sistemáticas
um exemplo a partir da teoria de eleições de segunda-ordem aplicada ao Parlamento Europeu
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.51359/1808-8708.2022.260252Mots-clés :
Revisão sistemática, Revisão Narrativa, Revisão Literária, Eleições de segunda-ordem, Eleições para o Parlamento EuropeuRésumé
Revisões sistemáticas são aquelas que se utilizam de critérios claros, padronizados e pré-especificados durante a coleta, a seleção e a análise dos trabalhos a serem revisados. Este tipo de revisão apresenta numerosas vantagens frente às revisões narrativas, que podem dispor de vieses e, por conseguinte, apresentar resultados menos confiáveis. Apesar de seus benefícios para o acumulo sistemático do conhecimento e para o avanço da ciência como um todo, revisões sistemáticas continuam a ser pouco adotadas pelos acadêmicos e pesquisadores brasileiros nas Ciências Sociais em geral. Há também uma carência de materiais de cunho didático e prático em português que abordem o passo a passo para a execução de uma boa revisão sistemática. Desse modo, este artigo objetiva divulgar essa técnica de revisão para o público acadêmico brasileiro, em especial, para aqueles dedicados à Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais. Mais especificamente, são ressaltadas as diferenças entre revisões narrativas, revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises e quais são seus respectivos benefícios e limitações. Também são apresentadas as etapas para a consecução de uma revisão sistemática a partir de um caso prático (SANTOS, 2022). Por fim, este artigo compara a quantidade e a exclusividade das referências apresentadas em Santos (2022), uma revisão sistemática, com as referências apresentadas por outras duas revisões narrativas anteriores. Foi constatado que, apesar de trabalhar com um número menor de referências, Santos (2022) encontrou dezenas de artigos que não foram mencionados nas duas revisões narrativas anteriores. Este achado demonstra a capacidade de revisões sistemáticas em conciliarem precisão com abrangência.
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