Implicações das Mudanças do Clima no Zoneamento Agroclimático da Cana-de-açúcar no Estado do Tocantins, Considerando o Modelo GFDL (Implications of Climatic Changes on Agroclimatic Sugarcane Zoning for Tocantins State, Considering the GFDL Model)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-2295.20150098Keywords:
Agroenergia, etanol, balanço hídrico, aptidão agroclimática, aquecimento globalAbstract
Tem havido a expansão do complexo sucroalcooleiro para as regiões Centro-Norte do país, devido ao aumento da demanda pelo etanol, tornando relevante a elaboração do zoneamento agroclimático para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar para essas regiões, notadamente para o estado do Tocantins. As informações climáticas e edáficas favorecem a determinação de áreas mais aptas ao cultivo e à mecanização. Por outro lado poderá ocorrer a elevação do risco climático nas regiões produtoras devido à possível influência das mudanças do clima. O presente estudo visou simular o impacto das mudanças do clima sobre o zoneamento agroclimático para a cana-de-açúcar no Tocantins, considerando os dados do modelo GFDL e cenários de emissão B1 e A1B, para o período de 2021 a 2050. Os resultados mostraram que tanto para as condições climáticas atuais, quanto para projeção do modelo, não há restrição térmica para o desenvolvimento da cultura, e que para obter boa produtividade no Estado será necessário, de forma geral, a utilização de irrigação nos períodos de deficiência hídrica. Constatou-se que, existe potencial para a produção, apesar da predominância da classe de aptidão “restrita”, e que as regiões potenciais com condições agroclimáticas favoráveis, estão localizadas no sul, sudeste e centro do Estado. As simulações dos cenários de emissões indicam fortes restrições hídricas para o Tocantins, com grande redução de áreas consideradas “aptas” e “marginais”, e aumento das áreas “restritas” ao cultivo da cana-de-açúcar. A B S T R A C T There has been an expansion trend of ethanol demand, the tendency to expansion of the complex sugarcane industry in the Center-North region requires an elaboration of agroclimatic zoning for sugarcane culture, especially in Tocantins State. The climatic and edaphic informations favor the determination of most suitable areas for cultivation and mechanization. On the other hands, it may occur an elevation of the climatic risk in the producing regions due to the possible influence of climate change. This study aimed to simulate the impact of climate change on agroclimatic zoning for sugarcane in Tocantins, considering the data generated by GFDL model and B1 and A1B emission scenarios for the period between 2021and 2050. Results showed that for both the current climatic conditions and the projected models there is no thermal restrictions for cane development and to obtain good productivity it will be necessary to irrigate the crops during the drought periods. It was found that there is potential for the production , despite the predominance of "; restricted "; aptitude class, and that the potential regions with favorable agroclimatic conditions, are located in the south, southeast and center of the State. Simulations of emissions scenarios indicate strong water restrictions to Tocantins, with great reduction in areas considered ";apt"; and ";marginal";, and increase of the ";restricted"; areas for the sugarcane cultivation. Keywords: Agroenergy; ethanol; water balance; agroclimatic aptitude; global warmingDownloads
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Copyright (c) 2016 Erich Collicchio, Humberto Rocha, Daniel de Castro Victória, Maria Victória Ramos Ballester, André Marcondes Andrade Toledo

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