Potencial para Degradação do Fenol por Estirpes de Bradyrhizobium do Semiárido nas Formas Livre e Imobilizada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v17.2.p744-757Palavras-chave:
Biofilme, Biorremediação, Exopolissacarídeo, Imobilização Celular, RizóbioResumo
O descarte de águas residuárias é um grave problema de poluição ambiental, que tem refletido na busca por microrganismos que aliem a capacidade de biodegradação e ausência de patogenicidade. Por atender ambos os critérios, as bactérias simbióticas de leguminosas são agentes promissores. Essas bactérias também produzem exopolissacarídeos e biofilme, paramêtros determinantes para imobilização celular, estratégia para aumentar a eficiência na degradação de poluentes. A atualidade, importância do tema e o potencial biorremediador ainda inexplorado dessas bactérias oriundas do Semiárido Brasileiro são justificativas para o presente trabalho. Foram selecionadas sete estirpes de rizóbios do semiárido, previamente caracterizadas, autenticadas, identificadas por sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA e mantidas na coleção de culturas do Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Essas estirpes foram avaliadas quanto à capacidade de crescer em meio com fenol nas concentrações de 100 e 500 mg.L-1. Por apresentar melhor desempenho a estirpe L04 (Bradyrhizobium elkanii), foi testada quanto à hidrofobicidade, produção de exopolissacarídeos e de biofilme. A estirpe foi hidrofóbica, produziu exopolissacarídeos e biofilme, se confirmando adequada para a imobilização sobre a matriz agar-agar. Quando imobilizada, a estirpe foi 1,4 vezes mais eficiente na produção de biomassa do que na forma livre. Dessa forma, fica claro que rizobactérias do Semiárido apresentam potencial biorremediador, e que cabem mais estudos para se avaliar esse potencial in situ visando o desenvolvimento de um produto.
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