Recursos Genéticos Vegetais da Caatinga para o Desenvolvimento do Semiárido Brasileiro (Caatinga Plant Genetic Resources for the Developmentof the Brazilian Semiarid)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v4i6.232770Abstract
O Semiárido brasileiro, caracterizado por uma precipitação abaixo de 800 mm por ano, grande taxa de evaporação e elevado risco de seca, tem uma extensão aproximada de um milhão de quilômetros quadrados, que encerra 1.133 municípios de nove Estados e onde se insere o bioma caatinga. É uma região que apresenta grande variação ambiental e dentro dos recursos naturais, a cobertura vegetal aliada ao conhecimento e inovação é a que apresenta maior chance de manejo com vistas a criar potencialidades para serem integradas nas estratégias de desenvolvimento. O bioma caatinga vem sendo estudado e mais de duas mil espécies foram identificadas, porém, umas 130 espécies endêmicas, consideradas prioritárias, podem apresentar vários usos como forrageiras, madeireiras, ornamentais, frutíferas, apícolas, plantas produtoras de fibra, ceras, óleos e taninos além de plantas medicinais, embora uma grande quantidade de espécies sejam de usos múltiplos. No entanto, a quase totalidade dos estudos considera as espécies como se todos os indivíduos fossem iguais, deixando de considerar a variação infraespecífica, onde se inserem os recursos genéticos vegetais e que podem ser usados para os diversos fins. Algumas espécies, contudo, foram consideradas no que tange aos recursos genéticos, porém, a grande maioria delas não tem coleções estabelecidas, e muito menos, estudadas. Dentro das diversas espécies da caatinga, os mutantes sem espinhos poderão ser atrativos para diferentes usos. A caatinga também pode ser objeto de estudo dos mecanismos de economia de uso de água e de nutrientes de fontes não convencionais e os micro-organismos poderão ajudar nessa tarefa.
Palavras - chave: plantas da caatinga, cobertura vegetal, usos da vegetação.
Caatinga Plant Genetic Resources for the Developmentof the Brazilian Semiarid
ABSTRACT
The Brazilian Semiarid, characterized by 800 mm or less of rainfall, very high evaporation and drought risk, comprises one million square kilometers which encloses 1.133 counties, where the biome caatinga is inserted. It is a region that presents great environmental variation but among its natural resources, the vegetation along with knowledge and innovation presents the major potential to be managed as to generate potentialities and be integrated in development strategies. The plants of this biome are currently being studied and more than two thousand species were identified, but, only 130 endemic species are considered of priority for different uses as fodder, timber, ornamentals, fruit trees, honeybee and medicinal plants and, also, plants for production of fibers, wax, oil, tannins, although many species are of multiple uses. However, the large majority of the studies on plants of caatinga consider the species as if all plants of a species were similar, without consideration to the infraspecific variation, and this is where the plant genetic resources of caatinga are and can be used for different purposes. Some species, however, were considered as far as the plant genetic resources is concerned, but, the great majority of species do not have germplasm collections, and even more, have not been studied yet. Among several plant species of caatinga, the spineless mutants may have different uses. The plants of caatinga can also be used to study the mechanisms of water economy, the nutrient supply from nonconventional sources and the soil microorganisms can help in this task.
Keywords: plants of caatinga, plant cover, plant uses.
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Copyright (c) 2012 Manoel Abílio de Queiroz

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