Melhoramento do Feijão-Caupi para Temperaturas Moderadas e Elevadas no Vale do São Francisco (Breeding Cowpea for Moderate and High Temperatures in the São Francisco River Valley, Brazil)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v4i6.232773Abstract
O cultivo do feijão-caupi no Submédio do Vale do São Francisco (SVSF) é realizado no primeiro semestre, sem irrigação e temperaturas mais amenas, e no segundo semestre, com irrigação e temperaturas mais elevadas. No período de 2008 a 2009 foram avaliadas 22 linhagens tipo ‘Canapu’ e outras 22 linhagens de porte ereto e crescimento determinado em dois experimentos em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Pelo menos uma geração de seleção para obtenção das linhagens foi realizada em condições de alta temperatura do segundo semestre. Em torno de 30 experimentos foram conduzidos nos campos experimentais da Embrapa Semiárido em Juazeiro e Petrolina e em áreas de produtores do SVSF. O manejo e densidades populacionais foram similares nos dois semestres, com irrigação apenas no segundo semestre. As diferenças entre temperaturas máximas e mínimas dos meses de março x outubro e de abril x novembro, período de floração das linhagens, foram significantes pelo teste ‘t’. A produtividade média de grãos foi de 1394 kg/ha e 1078 kg/ha com e sem irrigação, respectivamente, no experimento de linhagens tipo ‘Canapu’ e de 1468 kg/ha e de 1081 kg/ha, com e sem irrigação, respectivamente, no experimento de linhagens de porte ereto e crescimento determinado, sugerindo a superioridade das linhagens quando avaliadas com irrigação. As cultivares Marataoã e Canapu, diferente das linhagens desenvolvidas em Petrolina, apresentaram maior produção no primeiro semestre do ano, não respondendo ao regime irrigado, devido a menor tolerância às temperaturas elevadas do segundo semestre. A avaliação de linhagens em meados dos dois semestres é uma estratégia simplificada, que permitiu selecionar genótipos com tolerância às altas temperaturas e responsivos à irrigação.
Palavras - chave: Vigna unguiculata, produtividade, adaptação, irrigação.
Breeding Cowpea for Moderate and High Temperatures in the São Francisco River Valley, Brazil
ABSTRACT
Cowpea is grown in the São Francisco river valley (SFRV) in the first semester, without irrigation and with occurrence of medium temperatures, and also in the second semester, with irrigation and high temperatures. From 2008 to 2009 were evaluated 22 lines of ‘Canapu’ type and also other 22 lines of upright plant and determinate growth habits in a block experimental design, with tree replications. At least one generation of selection to obtain the lines was done under high temperatures conditions of the second semester. Around 30 experiments were evaluated in the Juazeiro and Petrolina Embrapa Semiárido experimental station and also in SFRV grower fields. Crop managements and plant density/ha were the same in both semesters, with irrigation only in the second semester. The maximum and minimum temperatures in March x October and April x November, that corresponds to the cowpea flower time in both experiments, were significant by ‘t’ test, based on 35 years of data. The yield means were 1394 kg/ha and 1078 kg/ha with and without irrigation, respectively, in the ‘Canapu’ lines experiment, and 1468 kg/ha and 1081 kg/ha, with and without irrigation, respectively, in the upright plant and determinate growth habits lines experiment, indicating that the lines were more productive under irrigation conditions. Marataoã and Canapu control cultivars, differing from the lines developed at Petrolina, presented high yield in the first semester, without response to irrigation, due the low adaptation to high temperatures of the second semester. Evaluation of lines in middle of both semesters was a simplified strategy that allowed selecting genotypes with high temperature tolerance and with good response to the irrigation.
Keywords: Vigna unguiculata, yield, adaption, irrigation.
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Copyright (c) 2012 Carlos Antonio Fernandes Santos

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