Classificação Digital do Uso e Cobertura da Terra na Amazônia com Base em Dados Orbitais ASTER (Digital Classification of Land Use and Land Cover in Amazonia Based on ASTER Orbital Data)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v6.3.p510-521Abstract
O sensoriamento remoto tem um papel fundamental no monitoramento do uso e cobertura da terra da Amazônia, pois permite obter informações históricas e atuais para um ambiente vasto e de difícil acesso. Projetos e estudos vêm sendo desenvolvidos a fim de mapear o uso e cobertura da terra na região, utilizando para tanto distintos sensores orbitais e métodos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a dinâmica temporal do uso e cobertura da terra para uma área localizada no centro-leste do estado de Rondônia, com o uso de imagens do sensor ASTER/Terra e classificação supervisionada pelo algoritmo de Bhattacharya. Para tanto foram utilizadas duas imagens ASTER dos dias 29/07/2002 e 01/08/2003 referentes ao produto de reflectância da superfície (AST07XT). A classificação foi elaborada no programa SPRING 5.0.6 e envolveu etapas de segmentação e coleta de amostras de treinamento e teste. Os resultados evidenciaram a intensa degradação da região no que diz respeito ao desmatamento. Verificou-se que as áreas de floresta primária e pastagem representam, respectivamente, ≈9% e ≈70% da área de estudo. Ainda, no período estudado houve uma supressão de 500,96 ha (≈6%) de áreas de floresta ombrófila aberta. As imagens do sensor ASTER apresentam potencial para estudos de uso e cobertura da terra na Amazônia em virtude, especialmente, de possuírem uma resolução espacial mínima mais refinada (15 m) que a dos sensores comumente usados na região.
A B S T R A C T
Remote sensing plays a key role in monitoring land use and land cover in the Amazon region, since it allows obtaining current and historical information about a large environment and of difficult access. Studies and projects have been developed to map land use and land cover in the region, using different methods and orbital sensors. The aim of this study was to analyse the temporal dynamics of land use and land cover for an area located in the central-eastern part of Rondônia state, using ASTER/Terra images and supervisioned digital classification using Bhattacharya algorithm. For that, two ASTER images of the days 07/29/2002 and 08/01/2003 referring to the product of surface reflectance (AST07XT) were used. The classification was processed in the software SPRING 5.0.6 and involved steps of image segmentation and collection of test and training samples. The results showed intense degradation due to deforestation in the region. It was verified that in the study area primary rainforest and pasture land represent 9% and 70%, respectively. Moreover, during the study period, there was suppression of 501.0 ha (≈6%) of the primary rainforest areas. The ASTER images have potential for land use and land cover studies in the Amazon region due especially to its finer minimum spatial resolution (15 m) than those sensors commonly used in the region.
Keywords: deforestation, Amazon rainforest, temporal analysis, remote sensing, Terra satellite.
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