Extremos de Gelo Marinho Antártico no Mar de Weddell e Relações com Padrões de Teleconexões Climáticas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.5.p2739-2754Abstract
Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar relações entre as fases de padrões de teleconexões tropicais, subtropicais e extratropicais e as extensões de gelo marinho antártico no Mar de Weddell (MW). Busca-se melhor compreensão acerca da variabilidade do gelo marinho e das interações entre a criosfera e a atmosfera, além de prover dados para estudos sobre previsões e variabilidade climáticas. Este artigo analisa setembro, o mês com a maior cobertura de gelo marinho no Mar de Weddell. Utilizou-se os índices mensais dos padrões Modo Anular do Sul (Southern Annular Mode – SAM), Modo Meridional do Atlântico (Atlantic Meridional Mode – AMM) e Gradiente Subtropical do Atlântico Sul (GSA). O índice SAM foi calculado através da Função Ortogonal Empírica nas anomalias de altura geopotencial em 700 hPa na região ao sul de 30ºS, o índice AMM foi extraído do National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) e o índice GSA foi criado a partir dos dados de temperatura da superfície do mar (TSM) do ERSSTv5 do National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Nas avaliações conjuntas, as combinações de fases que se relacionaram às maiores extensões de gelo foram SAM negativo/AMM positivo e SAM negativo/GSA positivo enquanto as que se associaram às menores extensões foram as de sinais opostos. As correlações do SAM com o gelo marinho são negativas e dos índices AMM e GSA com o gelo marinho são positivas, mostrando coerência com os resultados apresentados nos compostos e nos gráficos boxplots.
Extreme Antarctic Sea Ice In The Weddell Sea And Links With Teleconnection Patterns Of Climate Variability
ABSTRACT
This article examines the links between the phases of teleconnection patterns of climate variability and the Weddell’s Sea ice extent. The goal is to understand better the sea ice variability and connections between the cryosphere and the atmosphere. This paper focuses on September, the month with the largest sea ice cover in the Weddell Sea. The Southern Annular Mode (SAM), the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) and the Atlantic Subtropical Gradient (ASG) monthly indices were used. The SAM index was calculated through Empirical Orthogonal Function in the geopotential height anomalies of 700 hPa. The AMM index was obtained by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR). The ASG index was created using sea surface temperature (SST) data obtained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (ERSSTv5/NOAA) through the difference of SST anomalies averaged at two distinct areas situated in the Subtropical Atlantic Ocean. Considering the effect of these indices combined, the negative SAM/positive AMM phase and the negative SAM/positive ASG phase were associated with maximum Antarctic sea ice extents. The opposite combinations of indices were related with minimum Antarctic sea ice extents. The correlations between the SAM and the sea ice extent are negative and between AMM and ASG with the sea ice extent are positive. These results are coherent with the results presented in the composite maps and the boxplots charts.
Keywords: Teleconnection patterns, climate variability, antarctic sea ice, Weddell Sea.
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