Caatinga: steppic savannah or dry forest? a comment on the classification of brazilian vegetation

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51359/2238-6211.2024.264832

Keywords:

vegetation classification and mapping, plant formations of Brazil, semi-arid

Abstract

Vegetation mapping is essential for diagnosing environmental conditions, especially for supporting conservation policies and aiding in derivative studies such as those focused on the recovery of degraded areas. The vegetation of the Caatinga biome has been classified as Savanna-Steppe. The objective of this work is to construct a commentary on the concept of Savanna-Steppe and its relation to the Caatinga. To this end, the concepts, arguments, and examples of the original proposal by the team led by Henrique Veloso were examined, as well as similar proposals in the literature. The main results allowed for a synthesis of the Caatinga and point to ways to classify it more precisely.

Author Biographies

Francisco Kennedy Silva, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco

Professor do Departamento de Ciências Geográficas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco.

Larissa Monteiro Rafael, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco

Professora do Departamento de Ciências Geográficas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Professora Permanente do Programa de Pós-graduação em ciências Naturais - UFS.

Bartolomeu Israel de Souza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba

Professor do Departamento de Geografia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba.

References

AB’SABER, A.N. Domínios de natureza no Brasil: potencialidades paisagísticas. São Paulo: Ateliê Editorial. 4ed. 2007.

AB’SABER, A.N. Ecossistemas continentais. Relatório da Qualidade do Meio Ambiente. Brasília, 1984.

AB’SABER, A.N. O domínio morfoclimático semiárido das caatingas brasileiras. Geomorfologia. 43. 1974. 39p.

ANDRADE-LIMA, D. The caatingas dominium. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 4: 1981, p.149-163.

ANDRADE-LIMA, D. Vegetação. In: ATLAS nacional do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 1966. f. II-11.

AUBRÉVILLE, A. Accord a Yangambi sur la nomenclature des types Africains de végétation. BOIS & Forets Des Tropiques, v. 51, p. 23-27, 1957. Disponível em: https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/article/view/18694/18453. acesso em 31 out 2024.

AUBRÉVILLE, A.; DUVIGNEAUD, P.; HOYLE, A.C.; KEAY, R.W.J.; MENDONÇA, F.A.; PICHI-SEMOLLI, R.E.G. Vegetation map of Africa. Paris: UNESCO. 1958. Disponível em: https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/content/vegetation-map-africa-south-tropic-cancer-carte-de-la-v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tation-de-lafrique-au-sud-du. acesso em 31 out 2024.

BURGESS, Neil et al. Terrestrial ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: a conservation assessment. 2004. 501p.

ELLENBERG, H.; MUELLER-DOMBOIS, D. Tentative physiognomic-ecological classification of plant formations of the earth. 1967. 36p.

FERNANDES, M.; CARDOSO, D.; QUEIROZ, L.P. An updated plant checklist of the Brazilian Caatinga seasonally dry forests and woodlands reveals high species richness and endemism. Journal of Arid Environments. Volume 174, March 2020. Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140196319301491

HUMBOLDT, A. Views of nature: or contemplations on the sublime phenomena of creation. London: Harrison and sons. 1850. Disponível em: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/67684/67684-h/67684-h.htm#Page_232. acesso em 31 out 2024

IBGE. Biomas e sistema costeiro-marinho do Brasil: compatível com a escala 1:250 000. Rio de Janeiro, 2019. 164 p. (Série relatórios metodológicos, v. 45). Disponível em: https:// biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv101676.pdf. Acesso em: 23 mar. 2024.

IBGE. Banco de dados de informações ambientais. Relatório da cobertura vegetal do bioma Caatinga. 2024. Disponível em: https://bdiaweb.ibge.gov.br/#/consulta/vegetacao acesso em 29 mar 2024.

IBGE. Manual Técnico da Vegetação Brasileira. Rio de janeiro: IBGE. 2012. 271p.

KEAY, R.W.J. African vegetation. Meeting at Yangambi. Nature. n.4545. Vol. 178. 1956. 1273-1274p.

KÜCHLER, A.W; ZONNEVELD, I.S. Vegetation mapping. Kluwer, 1988. 632p.

KUMAR, L. et al. Characterization, mapping, and monitoring of rangelands: methods and approaches. In: THENKABAIL, P.S. Land Resources Monitoring, Modeling, and Mapping with Remote Sensing,. CRC Press. 2016. p. 309-350.

LIU, T; YANG, X. Mapping vegetation in an urban area with stratified classification and multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis. Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 133, 2013. p. 251-264.

MACHAR I, VLCKOVA V, BUCEK A, VOZENILEK V, SALEK L, JERABKOVA L. Modelling of climate conditions in forest vegetation zones as a support tool for forest management strategy in European beech dominated forests. Forests, v. 8, n. 3, 2017. p. 82.

MADDEN, M. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Operations for Vegetation Mapping of Invasive Exotics1. Weed Technology, v. 18, n. sp1, p. 1457-1463, 2004.

MUELLER-DOMBOIS, D.; ELLENBERG, H. Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology. New York: John Willey & Sons. 1974.

NAVARRO, G.; MOLINA, J.A. A novel biome concept and classification system based on bioclimate and vegetation–a Neotropical assay. Vegetation Classification and Survey, v. 2, p. 159-175, 2021.

NEYNS, R; CANTERS, F. Mapping of urban vegetation with high-resolution remote sensing: a review. Remote sensing. v. 14, n. 4, 2022. 1031. 27p.

QUEIROZ, L.P. CARDOSO, D.; FERNANDES, M.F.; MORO, M.F. Diversity and evolution of flowering plants of the Caatinga domain. In: SILVA, D.C.; LEAL, I.; TABARELLI, M. Caatinga: the largest tropical dry forest region in South America, Cham: Springer. 2017. p.23-63.

PEDROTTI, F. Plant and Vegetation Mapping. Geobotany Studies. Heidelberg: Springer Berlin. 2013. 294p. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30235-0

PRADO, D.E. As caatingas da América do Sul. In: LEAL, I.; TABARELLI, M.; SILVA, J.M.C. Ecologia e conservação da Caatinga, v. 2, p.3-74, 2003.

REFLORA. Flora e Funga do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Disponível em: https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/consulta/. Acesso em: 29 mar. 2024

RODIN, L.E. Cinco semanas na América do Sul. Moscou. 1947. 377p. Em russo.

RODIN, L.E.; SOCHAVA, V.B. Mapa da vegetação da América do Sul. In: GERASIMOV, I.P. Atlas Físico-Geográfico do Mundo. Moscou: Academia de Ciências. 1964. 288p.

TROCHAIN, J.-L. Accord interafricain sur la définition des types de végétation de l’Afrique tropicale. Bulletin de l’Institut d’Études Centraficanes. Nouvelle Série, Brazzavilie [Congo], v. 13/14, 1957. p.55-93. Disponível em: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YqwJakNgcWxKQYS-UxJGCT3GijbczLXc/view?usp=sharing.

TROCHAIN, J.-L. Nomenclature et classification des milieux végétaux en Afrique noire française. In: Colloque international du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS, 59, sur les régions écologiques du globe, Paris, juillet 1954. Annales de biologie, t. XXXI, fasc. 5-6, 1955. pp. 73-93. Disponível em: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ScFs-gPJ0Y5vy7n6FgeTXq1nPg9lZAIw/view?usp=sharing.

UNESCO. International classification and mapping of vegetation. Paris: UNESCO. 1973. 102p. Disponível em: https://wiki.met.no/_media/polarprofile/products/metadatavocab/icmv.pdf acesso em 29 mar 2024.

UNESCO. Vegetation map of South America: explanatory notes. UNESCO: Paris. 1981. 189p. Disponível em: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000046932. acesso em 31 out 2024.

VELOSO, H.P.; GÓES-FILHO, L. Fitogeografia brasileira: classificação fisionômico-ecológica da vegetação neotropical. Salvador: Projeto RADAMBRASIL, 1982. 86p.

VELOSO, H.P.; RANGEL-FILHO, A.L.R.; LIMA, J.C.A. Classificação da vegetação brasileira, adaptada a um sistema universal. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 1991. 124p.

VENTER, Zander S. et al. Application of Landsat-derived vegetation trends over South Africa: Potential for monitoring land degradation and restoration. Ecological Indicators, v. 113, p. 106206, 2020.

Published

2024-11-13

How to Cite

Francisco Kennedy Silva, Rafael, L. M., & Souza, B. I. de. (2024). Caatinga: steppic savannah or dry forest? a comment on the classification of brazilian vegetation. Revista De Geografia, 41(4), 173–185. https://doi.org/10.51359/2238-6211.2024.264832