Climate, environment and cities

alternatives for mitigation, adaptation and combat climate change in urban areas of greatest vulnerability

Abstract

Climate is a vital sign of Planet Earth. The world has already warmed by about 1.2°C since the beginning of the industrial era, from 1850 onwards, and temperatures will continue to rise unless governments worldwide comply with what was stipulated in the major Conferences of the Parties - COPs of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - UNFCCC of 1992, especially the commitments made in the global pact on climate change – the 2015 Paris Agreement from COP-21. Cities play a crucial role in the current debate on climate, the environment, and alternative strategies for mitigation, adaptation, and combating climate change, especially in urban areas with higher vulnerability. This work is developed based on the methodological approach of a literature review of studies, reports, and academic and scientific texts on climate, climate change, the environment, climate as a fundamental right, and cities as key players in the current climate crisis scenario. The actions of social groups and movements in the face of agendas combating climate change and mitigating its effects have added to other alternative strategies in building a plural, inclusive, collective, common, and democratic right capable of responding to humanity's greatest challenges in the 21st century, with cities taking a leading role in this perspective. In conclusion, within the scope of this study on climate, the environment, and cities, centering nature, people, and communities at the heart of socio-environmental public policies not only contributes to environmental sustainability but also promotes social equity and strengthens cities' resilience to climate challenges. These actions are essential for building more just, healthy, and climate-adapted cities.