Existe um conhecimento indígena no norte urbano? Re-inventar o conhecimento local e a comunidade nas lutas contra aterros e incineradores em Campania, Itália

Autores

  • Marco Armiero Italian National Research Council

Palavras-chave:

justiça ambiental, lixo, conhecimento, Nápoles (Itália)

Resumo

Este artigo lida com as narrativas sobre as lutas ambientais contra as facilidades de lixo em Campania (Itália), uma região que, nas últimas décadas, tornou-se o ícone mundial da falha na gestão do seu próprio metabolismo. Em particular, serão analisadas as narrativas dos ativistas envolvidos nas lutas e sua interação criativa com o conhecimento científico. Minha tese é que os conflitos ecológicos - pelo menos neste caso específico - foram o que produziu as comunidades e seus saberes. Em vez de reforçar a narrativa sobre as comunidades "naturais" que vivem em um espaço de alteridade radical e oprimidas pelos vilões globais, busco explorar a situação do Sul intersticial, misturado com o Norte e sua ciência e contradições. Usando uma coleção de entrevistas e alguns documentários produzidos por movimentos sociais sobre a crise e a mobilização, analisarei o surgimento de um conhecimento coletivo e a fabricação de comunidades através da própria experiência de resistência ao plano governamental de eliminação de resíduos.

Biografia do Autor

Marco Armiero, Italian National Research Council

Director of the KTH Environmental Humanities Lab, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm - Senior researcher at the Institute for the Study of Mediterranean Societies, Italian National Research Council.

Referências

ARGAWAL, Bina. The Gender and Environment Debate: Lessons from India. Feminist Studies 18 (1):119-158, 1992.

ALAIMO, Stacy. Bodily Nature. Science, Environment, and the Material Self. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010.

ARMIERO, Marco; D’ALISA, Giacomo. Right to Resist. The Struggles for Ecological Democracy in the 21st century. Capitalism Nature Socialism 23 (4): 52-68, 2012.

ARMIERO, Marco; D’ALISA, Giacomo. under review. “What happened to the trash? Political miracles and real statistics in an emergency regime.” Capitalism Nature Socialism.

ARMIERO, Marco. Il razzismo delle discariche. La Repubblica December 1st., 2008.

ARMIERO, Marco. Seeing Like a Protester. Nature, Power, and Environmental Struggles. Left History 13 (1): 59-76, 2008.

ARMIERO, Marco; D’ALISA, Giacomo. La ciudad de los residuos. Justicia ambiental e incertidumbre en la crisis de los residuos en Campania (Italia). Ecologia Politica 21:99-101. 2011.

ARMIERO, Marco. Enclosing the Sea. Remaking Work and Leisure Spaces on the Naples Waterfront, 1870 – 1900. Radical History Review 109:13-35, 2011a.

ARMIERO, Marco. A Rugged Nation. Mountains and the Making of Modern Italy. Cambridge, UK: White Horse Press, 2011b.

AUYERO, Javier; SWISTUN, Débora Alejandra. Flammable. Environmental Suffering in an Argentine Shantytown. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

BECK, Ulrich. Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. London-Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1992.

CAPUA, Patrizia. Rifiuti: trecento psicologi a Napoli. La Repubblica 1st July, 2008.

CORBURN, Jason. Street Science. Community Knowledge and Environmental Health Justice. Cambridge: MIT, 2005.

CRISTOFONI, Giuseppe; NUGNES, Paola. Le proposte del Co. Re. Ri. intorno al recupero dei sette impianti ex CDR come TM, 2010. (http://www.rifiuticampania.org/rifiuticampania/docs/90.pdf)

DEMARIA, Federico, D’ALISA, Giacomo. Le nuove frontiere dell’accumulazione capitalistica. Rifiuti e lotte ambientali in India. Zapruder, 30:38-51, 2013.

DE SOUZA SANTOS, Boaventura. A Critique of Lazy Reason: Against the Waste of Experience. In: WALLERSTEIN, Immanuel (Ed.) The Modern World-System in the Longue Duree. Boulder-London: Paradigm Publishers, 2004.

DE SOUZA SANTOS, Boaventura. (ed.). Another Knowledge Is Possible. Beyond Northern Epistemologies. London-New York: Verso, 2007a.

DE SOUZA SANTOS, Boaventura. Beyond Abyssal Thinking. From Global Lines to Ecologies of Knowledges. Review, xxx (1):46-89, 2007b.

DE SOUZA SANTOS, Boaventura; NUNES, João Arriscado; MENESES, Maria Paula. Opening Up the Canon of Knowledge and Recognition of Difference. In: DE SOUZA SANTOS (Ed.). Another Knowledge Is Possible. Beyond Northern Epistemologies. London-New York: Verso, 2007.

DE SOUZA SANTOS, Boaventura; NUNES, João Arriscado. Introduction: Democracy, Participation and Grassroots Movements in Contemporary Portugal. South European Society and Politics 9 (2):1-15, 2004.

DURANTE, Francesco. Scuorno (vergogna). Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori editore, 2008.

ESCOBAR, Arturo. Constructing Nature. Elements for a Poststructural Political Ecology. In: PEET, Richard; WATTS, Michael (Eds.) Liberation Ecologies. Environment, development, social movements. London and New York: Routledge, 1996.

FISCHER, Frank. Are Scientists Irrational? Risk Assessment in Practical Reason. In: LEACH, Melissa; SCOONES, Ian; WYNNE, Brian (Eds.) Science and Citizens. Globalization and the Challenge of Engagement. London: Zed Books, 2005.

FISCHER, Ian. Naples's Trash Is a Challenge Politicians Are Flunking. New York Times May 30, 2007 (http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/30/world/europe/30iht-naples.4.5931635.html?pagewanted=all)

FUNTOWICZ, Silvio; RAVETZ, John. Science for the Post-Normal Age. Futures 25 (7):735-755, 1993.

GIERYN, Thomas. Boundary-Work and the Demarcation of Science from Non-Science: Strains and Interests in Professional Ideologies of Scientists. American Sociological Review 48 (6):781-795, 1983.

GREYL, Lucie et al. The Waste Crisis in Campania, Italy, 2010 (http://www.ceecec.net/case-studies/waste-crisis-in-campania-italy/).

GUHA, Ramachandra; MARTINEZ ALIER, Joan. Varieties of Environmentalism. Essays North and South. London: Earthscan, 1997.

GUGLIELMO, Thomas. White On Arrival: Italians, Race, Color, and Power in Chicago, 1890-1945. Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

IMARISIO, Marco. I giorni della vergogna. Cronaca di una emergenza infinita. Napoli-Roma: L’ancora, 2008.

ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI STATISTICA. Pil procapite, 2008 (http://noi-italia.istat.it/fileadmin/user_upload/allegati/91.pdf).

LATOUR, Bruno. Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences into Democracy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004.

LEGAMBIENTE-Osservatorio Ambiente e Legalità. Ecomafia 2009. Le storie e i numeri della criminalità ambientale. Città di Castello: Genesi, 2009.

LUCARELLI, Alberto. Decreto rifiuti: il commento del Professor Lucarelli. 3 June 2008 (http://napolisenzamunnezza.blogspot.pt/2008/06/decreto-rifiuti-il-commento-del-prof.html)

MARTINEZ ALIER, Joan. The Environmentalism of the Poor: A Study of Ecological Conflicts and Valuation. New Delhi-New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

MARTINEZ ALIER, Joan. Environmental Justice and Economic Degrowth: An Alliance between Two Movements. Capitalism Nature Socialism 23 (1): 51-73, 2012.

MARTINEZ ALIER, Joan et al. Between Science and Activism: Learning and Teaching Ecological Economics with Environmental Justice Organizations. Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability 16 (1):17-36, 2011.

MERLO, Francesco. Democrazia uccisa dalla spazzatura. La Repubblica, 1 April, 2008.

NADASDY, Paul. The Politics of Tek: Power and the ‘Integration of Knowledge. Arctic Anthropology 36 (1/2):1-18, 1999.

NADASDY, Paul. The Anti-Politics of Tek: The Institutionalization of Co-Management and Practice. Anthropologica, 47 (2):215-232, 2005.

PCWC-Parliamentary Committee on the Waste Cycle (hereafter PCWC) (PCWC 1998: XXIII712). Roma: Stabilimenti Tipografici Carlo Colombo, 1998.

PETRILLO, Antonello (ed.). Biopolitica di un rifiuto. Le rivolte anti-discarica a Napoli e in Campania. Verona: Ombre Corte, 2009.

RABITTI, Paolo. Ecoballe. Roma: Aliberti, 2008.

RAVETZ, Jerry. The post-normal science of safety. In: LEACH, Melissa; SCONES, Ian; WYNNE, Brian (Eds.). Science and Citizens. Globalization and the Challenge of Engagement. London: Zed Books, 2005

SCOTTO DI LUZIO, Adolfo. Napoli dai mille tradimenti. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2008.

SENIOR, Kathryn; MAZZA, Alfredo. Italian ‘Triangle of Death’ Linked to Waste Crisis. The Lancet Oncology 5 (9):525-527, 2004.

SHIVA, Vandana. Monocultures of the Mind: Perspectives on Biodiversity and Biotechnology. London: Zed Books, 1993.

VISVANATHAN, Shiv. Knowledge, justice and democracy. In: LEACH, Melissa; SCONES, Ian; WYNNE, Brian (Eds.). Science and Citizens. Globalization and the Challenge of Engagement. London: Zed Books, 2005

SNOWDEN, Frank M. Naples in the Time of Cholera 1884 – 1911. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

VIALE, Guido. Sedici anni di emergenza rifiuti. Storia di un disastro annunciato. La Repubblica, 24 October, 2010.

Downloads