Uma visão sistemática sobre o uso da história nos debates atuais em sociologia e sobre o potencial e os problemas de uma epistemologia histórica da sociologia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51359/2317-5427.2026.268738Palavras-chave:
Gaston Bachelard, história das ciências sociais, historiografia, teoria sociológicaResumo
Por várias razões, dentre elas mudanças no regime global de ensino superior e reivindicações de conhecimento competitivas de outras disciplinas, o campo da história da sociologia (HoS) tem experimentado uma pressão crescente para justificar sua própria existência durante a última década. Postulando que a melhor abordagem para justificar a existência de uma coisa é mostrar a sua utilidade, o artigo discute quatro tipos de reivindicações de utilidade feitas por historiadores da sociologia. A história da sociologia pode ser considerada relevante por (I) moldar e manter a identidade da disciplina; (II) por fornecer um rico fundo de ensino para futuros sociólogos; (III) por informar pesquisas e teorizações atuais; e (IV) por refletir mais amplamente sobre o status cultural da sociologia nas sociedades modernas. O artigo então avalia o potencial e os problemas de aspirar a uma epistemologia histórica da sociologia, uma proposta feita recentemente, especialmente em contextos alemães e anglófonos, para vincular a história da ciência com sua filosofia no sentido descrito como tipo III. Conclui que princípios ou ideias selecionados da epistemologia histórica podem ser aplicados de forma muito proveitosa em HoS. No entanto, o projeto de transferir todo o programa de epistemologia histórica para HoS está fadado ao fracasso. Há, no entanto, muitas razões para continuar a conceber HoS como parte integrante da sociologia.
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