The aqueous extract of Phthirusa pyrifolia induces tubular alterations and modifies the leydig cell population in rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51359/3086-0946.2026.269035Keywords:
testicle, spermatogenesis, medicinal plants, seminiferous tubules, reproductive toxicityAbstract
Introduction: Ethnopharmacology has indicated several plants as potential modulators of male fertility, motivating experimental investigations into their reproductive effects. Phthirusa pyrifolia (Loranthaceae), popularly known as mistletoe, is widely used in traditional medicine, but its impacts on testicular morphology are still poorly understood. Objective: To evaluate the effects of the aqueous extract of Phthirusa pyrifolia on testicular morphology, morphometric parameters, and the spermatogenic process in adult Wistar rats. Methodology: Twelve male rats were distributed into a control group and a treated group, which received the extract orally for 12 consecutive days. After treatment, the testes were collected, processed for histological, morphometric, and stereological analysis, and the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was calculated. Results: Administration of the extract did not alter body or testicular weight, but it promoted an increase in IGS, a reduction in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules and the height of the seminiferous epithelium, in addition to alterations in Leydig cells, characterized by a reduction in cytoplasmic volume and an increase in cell number. These structural alterations suggest impairment of spermatogenesis and testicular endocrine function. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Phthirusa pyrifolia negatively interferes with morphological and functional parameters of the testicle, indicating a potential deleterious effect on male reproduction, reinforcing the need for further studies on its reproductive and hormonal impacts.
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