Fan Research from the Consumption Perspective: a systematic analysis of the international marketing production
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51359/2526-7884.2023.253453Keywords:
Fan, Fandom, Marketing, Consumption, Consumer CultureAbstract
Purpose: To analyze how fans are investigated in international scientific production in the Marketing field.
Methods: Bibliographic research was carried out. The data were collected from the main Marketing journals ranked in the Scimago Journal & Country Rank. The qualitative strategy of Interpretive Content Analysis was adopted for the investigation of the corpus through codification and categorization of the meanings of the data and subsequent identification of the conceptual relations between the established categories.
Findings: The research analyzed how the academic production of Marketing reverberates, conceptualizes, approaches, and relates meanings about fans. Results point to four dimensions of meanings about this consumer, which is being perceived as: Productive, when they produce content and social interactions; Communal, when they act from a collective perspective; Sentimental, by revealing an entertainment consumer's identity in which several factors influence their behavior, including at an emotional level; and Critical, when they evaluate what they consume.
Originality: The study allowed a better understanding of the fan in the scientific panorama of the Marketing field, elucidating the existence of identity relations portrayed in the literature and contributing to the endorsement of new research that uses or transcends the presented concepts.
References
Andrews, D. L., & Ritzer, G. (2018). Sport and prosumption. Journal of Consumer Culture, 18(2), 356–373. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540517747093
Annamalai, B., Yoshida, M., Varshney, S., Pathak, A. A., & Venugopal, P. (2021). Social media content strategy for sport clubs to drive fan engagement. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 62(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102648
Argo, J. J., Zhu, R. J., & Dahl, D. W. (2008). Fact or fiction: An investigation of empathy differences in response to emotional melodramatic entertainment. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(1), 614-623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/521907
Arnould, E. J., & Thompson, C. J. (2005). Consumer Culture Theory (CCT): Twenty years of research. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(4), 868-882. https://doi.org/10.1086/426626
Barwise, T. P., & Ehrenberg, A. S. C. (1987). The Liking and Viewing of Regular TV Series. Journal of Consumer Research, Oxford University Press, 14(1), 63-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209093
Bauer, M. W., & Aarts, B. (2000). Corpus construction: A principle for qualitative data collection. In M. W. Bauer, & G. D. Gaskell (Eds.), Qualitative researching with text, image and sound: A practical handbook (19-37). California: Sage Publications.
Belk, R. W., Wallendorf, M., & Sherry, J. F., Jr. (1989). The Sacred and the Profane in Consumer Behavior: Theodicy on the Odyssey. Journal of Consumer Research, 16, 1-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209191
Bodet, G., Kenyon, J. A., & Ferrand, A. (2018). Appetite for or resistance to consumption relationships? A trans-European perspective on the marketisation of football fan relationships. Journal of Consumer Culture, 18(2), 317-335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469540517747092
Booth, P. (2018). A companion to media fandom and fan studies. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell.
Botorić, V. (2021). Periphery fandom: Contrasting fans’ productive experiences across the globe. Journal of Consumer Culture, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/14695405211026054
Brown, A., Crabbe, T., & Mellor, G. (2008). Introduction: Football and Community: Practical and Theoretical Considerations. Soccer & Society, 9(3), 303-312. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970802008934
Brown, S., McDonagh, P., & Shultz, C. J. (2013). Titanic: Consuming the myths and meanings of an ambiguous brand. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(4), 595-614. https://doi.org/10.1086/671474
Cavalcanti, R. C., de Souza-leão, A. L., & Moura, B. M. (2021). Hipsters versus posers: ruptura fânica no mundo da música indie. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 22(3), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6971/eRAMG210202
Chen, C. P. (2016). Forming digital self and parasocial relationships on YouTube. Journal of Consumer Culture, 16(1), 232-254. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540514521081
Chen, Z. T. (2021). Poetic prosumption of animation, comic, game and novel in a post-socialist China: A case of a popular video-sharing social media Bilibili as heterotopia. Journal of Consumer Culture, 21(2), 257-277. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540518787574
Chun, H., Leem, B. H., & Suh, H. (2021). Using text analytics to measure an effect of topics and sentiments on social-media engagement: Focusing on Facebook fan page of Toyota. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 13(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/18479790211016268
Cohen, J. (2004). Parasocial break-up from favorite television characters: The role of attachment styles and relationship intensity. Journal of Social and Personal relationships, 21(2), 187-202. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407504041374
Commuri, S. (2009). The impact of counterfeiting on genuine-item consumers’ brand relationship. Journal of Marketing, 73(3), 86-98. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.73.3.086
Cova, B., & Cova, V. (2012). On the road to prosumption: marketing discourse and the development of consumer competencies, Consumption Markets & Culture, 15(2), 149-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253866.2012.654956
Cristofari, C., & Guitton, M. J. (2017). Aca-fans and fan communities: An operative framework. Journal of Consumer Culture, 17(3), 713-731. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540515623608
Dellarocas, C., Zhang, X. M., & Awad, N. F. (2007). Exploring the value of online product reviews in forecasting sales: The case of motion pictures. Journal of Interactive marketing, 21(4), 23-45. https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.20087
Denzin, N. K. (2017). The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods. New Jersey: Transaction publishers.
Derdenger, T. (2014). Technological tying and the intensity of price competition: An empirical analysis of the video game industry. Quantitative Marketing and Economics, 12(2), 127-165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11129-014-9143-9
de Souza Leão, A. L. M., de Mello, S. C. B., & Vieira, R. S. G. (2009). O papel da teoria no método de pesquisa em Administração. Revista Organizações em Contexto, 5(10), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.15603/1982-8756/roc.v5n10p1-16
de Souza-Leão, A. L. M., Moura, B. M., Santana, I. R. C., Nunes, W. K. S., & Henrique, V. D. M. R. (2019). Fans make art: Authoring and creativity in the production of fanvideos. Revista de Negócios, 24(4), 22-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7867/1980-4431.2019v24n4p22-36
de Souza-Leão, A. L. M., Moura, B. M., Henrique, V. D. M. R., Nunes, W. K. S., & Santana, I. R. C. (2020a). From play to political action: Prosumerism on fanvideo meme production. Brazilian Administration Review, 17(3), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-7692bar2020190121
de Souza-Leão, A. L. M., Moura, B. M., Nunes, W. K. S., Henrique, V. M. R., & Santana, I. R. C. (2020b). No shame to play: Ludic prosumption on Brazilian fanvideos. Revista De Gestão, 27(4), 335-352. https://doi.org/10.1108/REGE-04-2019-0043
Dionisio, P., Leal, C., & Moutinho, L. (2008). Fandom affiliation and tribal behaviour: a sports marketing application. Qualitative Market Research, 11(1), 17-39. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522750810845531
Doane, R. (2009). Bourdieu, Cultural Intermediaries and Good Housekeeping's George Marek: A case study of middlebrow musical taste. Journal of Consumer Culture, 9(2), 155-186. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540509104373
Drisko, J., & Maschi, T. (2016). Content Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.
Duffett, M. (2013). Understanding fandom: An introduction to the study of media fan culture. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Eyal, K., & Cohen, J. (2006). When good Friends say goodbye: A parasocial breakup study. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 50(3), 502-523. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem5003_9
Feiereisen, S., Rasolofoarison, D., Russell, C. A., & Schau, H. J. (2020). One brand, many trajectories: Narrative navigation in transmedia. Journal of Consumer Research. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucaa046
Fillis, I., & Mackay, C. (2013). Moving beyond fan typologies: The impact of social integration on team loyalty in football. Journal of Marketing Management, 30(3-4), 334-363. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2013.813575
Fiske, J. (1992). The cultural economy of fandom. In L. A. Lewis. (Ed.), The adoring audience: Fan culture and popular media (30-49). New York: Routledge.
Forehand, M. R., & Perkins, A. W. (2005). Implicit assimilation and explicit contrast: A set/reset model of response to celebrity voice-overs. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(3), 435-441. https://doi.org/10.1086/497555
Freund, K. (2016). ‘Fair use is legal use’: Copyright negotiations and strategies in the fan-vidding community. New Media & Society, 18(7), 1347–1363. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814555952
Fuschillo, G. (2020). Fans, fandoms, or fanaticism?. Journal of Consumer Culture, 20(3), 347-365. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540518773822
Gaião, B. F. D. S., Souza, I. L. D., & Leão, A. L. M. (2012). Consumer Culture Theory (CCT) já é uma escola de pensamento em marketing?. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 52(1), 330-344. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-75902012000300005
Garzaro, D. M., Varotto, L. F., Carvalho, M., & de Carvalho Pedro, S. (2019). Interactivity and engagement: a systematic review of academic production in marketing. Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 18(3), 246-265. https://doi.org/10.5585/remark.v18i3.16374
Giesler, M. (2007). Conflict and compromise: drama in marketplace evolution. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(6), 739-753. https://doi.org/10.1086/522098
Giulianotti, R., & Numerato, D. (2018). Global Sports and Consumer Culture: An introduction. Journal of Consumer Culture, 18(2), 229-240. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540517744691
González Reyes, R. (2021). The other faces of the prosumer: a review of the foundational concepts of pro-am (professional amateur) and maker. Comunicación y sociedad, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.32870/cys.v2021.8072
Grégoire, Y., & Fisher, R. J. (2006). The effects of relationship quality on customer retaliation. Marketing Letters, 17(1), 31-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-006-3796-4
Grégoire, Y., & Fisher, R. J. (2008). Customer betrayal and retaliation: when your best customers become your worst enemies. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36(2), 247-261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-007-0054-0
Grimes, S. M. (2015). Playing by the market rules: Promotional priorities and commercialization in children’s virtual worlds. Journal of Consumer Culture, 15(1), 110-134. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540513493209
Guitton, M. J. (2012). Living in the hutt space: Immersive process in the star wars role-play community of second life. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(5), 1681-1691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.04.006
Guschwan, M. (2012). Fandom, brandom and the limits of participatory culture. Journal of Consumer Culture, 12(1), 19–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540512438154
Hayashi, P., Jr., Abib, G., & Hoppen, N. (2019). Validity in qualitative research: A processual approach. The Qualitative Report, 24(1), 98-112. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2019.3443
Heinonen, K., & Medberg, G. (2018). Netnography as a tool for understanding customers: Implications for service research and practice. Journal of Services Marketing, 32(6), 657-679. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-08-2017-0294
Hewer, P., Gannon, M., & Cordina, R. (2015). Discordant fandom and global football brands: 'Let the people sing'. Journal of Consumer Culture, 17(3), 600-619. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540515611199
Hills, M. (2002). Fan Cultures. Londres: Routledge.
Hills, M. (2007). Media academics as media audiences. In J. A. Gray, C. Sandvoss, & C. L. Harrington (Eds.), Fandom: Identities and communities in a mediated world (33-47). New York: New York University Press.
Hirschman, E. C. (1988). The ideology of consumption: A structural-syntactical analysis of “Dallas” and “Dynasty”. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(3), 344-359. https://doi.org/10.1086/209171
Holbrook, M. B. (1999). Popular appeal versus expert judgments of motion pictures. Journal of consumer research, 26(2), 144-155. https://doi.org/10.1086/209556
Jacobs, N. (2020). Interdisciplinary methodologies for the fan studies bricoleur. Transformative Works and Cultures, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.3983/twc.2020.1665
Jenkins, H. (1992). Textual poachers: Studies in culture and communication. Abingdon-onthames: Routledge.
Jenkins, H. (2009). Cultura da convergência. São Paulo: Aleph.
Jenkins, H. (2012). Fan studies. Londres: Oxford University Press.
Johnson, A. R., Matear, M., & Thomson, M. (2011). A coal in the
heart: Self-relevance as a post-exit predictor of consumer anti-brand actions. Journal of Consumer Research, 38(1), 108–125. https://doi.org/10.1086/657924
Jones, I. (2000). A model of serious leisure identification: The case of football fandom. Leisure Studies, 19(4), 283-298. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614360050118841
Kang, J., Kim, J., Yang, M., Park, E., Ko, M., Lee, M., & Han, J. (2021). Behind the scenes of K-pop fandom: unveiling K-pop fandom collaboration network. Quality & Quantity, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01189-5
Kassarjian, H. H. (1977). Content analysis in consumer research. Journal of consumer research, 4(1), 8-18. https://doi.org/10.1086/208674
Kelly, W. W. (2018). The ubiquitous baseball cap: Identity, style, and comfort in late modern times. Journal of Consumer Culture, 18(2), 261-278. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540517744693
Khondker, H. H., & Robertson, R. (2018). Glocalization, consumption, and cricket: The Indian Premier League. Journal of Consumer Culture, 18(2), 279-297. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540517747094
Kim, S., Chen, R. P., & Zhang, K. (2016). Anthropomorphized helpers undermine autonomy and enjoyment in computer games. Journal of Consumer Research, 43(2), 282–302. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucw016
Kleijnen, M., de Ruyter, K., & Wetzels, M. (2004). Consumer adoption of wireless services: discovering the rules, while playing the game. Journal of interactive marketing, 18(2), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.20002
Kozinets, R. V. (2001). Utopian enterprise: articulating the meanings of Star Trek’s culture of consumption. Journal of Consumer Research, 28(1), 67-88. https://doi.org/10.1086/321948
Leguina, A., Arancibia-Carvajal, S., & Widdop, P. (2017). Musical preferences and technologies: Contemporary material and symbolic distinctions criticized. Journal of Consumer Culture, 17(2), 242-264. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540515586870
Loveland, K. E., Smeesters, D., & Mandel, N. (2010). Still preoccupied with 1995: The need to belong and preference for nostalgic products. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(3), 393-408. https://doi.org/10.1086/653043
Maciaszczyk, M., & Kocot, M. (2021). Behavior of Online Prosumers in Organic Product Market as Determinant of Sustainable Consumption. Sustainability, 13(3), 1157. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031157
Magaudda, P. (2011). When materiality ‘bites back’: Digital music consumption practices in the age of dematerialization. Journal of Consumer Culture, 11(1), 15-36. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540510390499
Malhotra, N. K. (2001). Pesquisa de Marketing: uma orientação aplicada. Porto Alegre: Bookman Editora.
Manzo, A. J. (1971). Manual para la preparación de monografías: una guia para presentar informes y tesis. Buenos Aires: Humanitas.
Marconi, M. D. A., & Lakatos, E. M. (2002). Técnicas de pesquisa. São Paulo: Atlas.
Meuleman, R., Lubbers, M., & Verkuyten, M. (2018). Parental socialization and the consumption of domestic films, books and music. Journal of Consumer Culture, 18(1), 103-130. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540516648372
Morreale, J. (2014). From homemade to store bought: Annoying Orange and the professionalization of YouTube. Journal of consumer culture, 14(1), 113-128. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540513505608
Murry, J. P., Jr., Lastovicka, J. L., & Singh, S. N. (1992). Feeling and liking responses to television programs: An examination of two explanations for media-context effects. Journal of consumer research, 18(4), 441-451. https://doi.org/10.1086/209272
Murry, J. P., Jr., & Dacin, P. A. (1996). Cognitive moderators of negative-emotion effects: Implications for understanding media context. Journal of Consumer Research, 22(4), 439–447. https://doi.org/10.1086/209460
Nair, H. (2007). Intertemporal price discrimination with forward-looking consumers: Application to the US market for console video-games. Quantitative Marketing and Economics, 5(3), 239-292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11129-007-9026-4
Nakao, B., & Mussi, C. C. (2018). Uma Nova Configuração Do Trabalho: Análise Interpretativa Da Literatura De Coworking. Revista Contemporânea de Economia e Gestão, 16(2), 53-89. https://doi.org/10.19094/contextus.v16i2.1038
Numerato, D. (2015). Who says “no to modern football?” Italian supporters, reflexivity, and neo-liberalism. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 39(2), 120-138. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723514530566
Oppenhuisen, J., & van Zoonen, L. (2006). Supporters or customers? Fandom, marketing and the political economy of Dutch football. Soccer & Society, 7(1), 62-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970500355595.
O’Sullivan, J., & Fortunati, L. (2021). Media Convergence. In G. Balbi, N. Ribeiro, V. Schafer, & C. Schwarzenegger, Digital Roots (41-58). Berlim: De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110740202-003
Parmentier, M. A., & Fischer, E. (2014). Things fall apart: the dynamics of brand audience dissipation. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(5), 1228-1251. https://doi.org/10.1086/678907
Pavelchak, M. A., Antil, J. H., & Munch, J. M. (1988). The Super Bowl: An investigation into the relationship among program context, emotional experience, and ad recall. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(3), 360–367. https://doi.org/10.1086/209172
Peruta, A., & Shields, A. B. (2018). Marketing your university on social media: A content analysis of Facebook post types and formats. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 28(2), 175-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2018.1442896
Planells, A. J. (2017). Video games and the crowdfunding ideology: From the gamer-buyer to the prosumer-investor. Journal of consumer culture, 17(3), 620-638. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540515611200
Porat, A. B. (2010). Football fandom: A bounded identification. Soccer & society, 11(3), 277-290. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660971003619594
Porat, A. B. (2012). From community to commodity: the commodification of football in Israel. Soccer & Society, 13(3), 443-457. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2012.655511
Radford, S. K., & Bloch, P. H. (2012). Grief, commiseration, and consumption following the death of a celebrity. Journal of Consumer Culture, 12(2), 137-155. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540512446879
Rao, A., & Hartmann, W. R. (2015). Quality vs. variety: Trading larger screens for more shows in the era of digital cinema. Quantitative Marketing and Economics, 13(2), 117-134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11129-015-9156-z
Ritzer, G. (2019). Contemporary capitalism and the ‘new’prosumer. In F. F. Wherry, & I. Woodward (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of consumption (75-94). Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190695583.013.3
Rokka, J. (2021). Consumer Culture Theory’s future in Marketing. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 29(1), 114-124. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2020.1860685
Ruckenstein, M. (2015). Playing Nintendogs: Desire, distributed agency and potentials of prosumption. Journal of Consumer Culture, 15(3), 351-370. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540513499225
Russell, C. A., & Schau, H. J. (2013). When narrative brands end: The impact of narrative closure and consumption sociality on loss accommodation. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(6), 1039-1062. https://doi.org/10.1086/673959
Sandlin, J. A., & Maudlin, J. G. (2012). Consuming pedagogies: Controlling images of women as consumers in popular culture. Journal of Consumer Culture, 12(2), 175-194. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540512446877
Scarborough, R. C., & McCoy, C. A. (2016). Moral reactions to reality TV: Television viewers’ endogenous and exogenous loci of morality. Journal of Consumer Culture, 16(1), 164-191. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540514521078
Scott, S. (2009). Repackaging fan culture: The regifting economy of ancillary content models. Transformative Works and Cultures, 3(1.6). https://doi.org/10.3983/twc.2009.0150
Seo, Y., & Jung, S. (2016). Beyond solitary play in computer games: The social practices of eSports. Journal of Consumer Culture, 16(3), 635-655. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540514553711
Shrum, L. J., Burroughs, J. E., & Rindfleisch, A. (2005). Television's cultivation of material values. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(3), 473-479. https://doi.org/10.1086/497559
Sood, S., & Drèze, X. (2006). Brand extensions of experiential goods: Movie sequel evaluations. Journal of Consumer Research, 33(3), 352-360. https://doi.org/10.1086/508520
Statista – The Statistics Portal. (2021). Value of the global entertainment and media market from 2011 to 2024 (in trillion u.s. dollars). Disponível em: <https://www.statista.com/statistics/237749/value-of-the-global-entertainment-and-media-market/>. Acesso em: 07 out. 2021.
Stephens-Davidowitz, S., Varian, H., & Smith, M. D. (2017). Super returns to Super Bowl ads?. Quantitative Marketing and Economics, 15(1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11129-016-9179-0
Tripp, C., Jensen, T. D., & Carlson, L. (1994). The effects of multiple product endorsements by celebrities on consumers' attitudes and intentions. Journal of consumer research, 20(4), 535-547. https://doi.org/10.1086/209368
Tulloch, J., & Jenkins, H. (1995). Science Fiction Audiences: Watching Doctor Who and Star Trek. Londres: Routledge.
Turk, T. (2018). Interdisciplinarity in Fan Studies. In P. Booth (Ed.), A Companion to Media Fandom and Fan Studies (539-551). New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell.
Vosgerau, J., Wertenbroch, K., & Carmon, Z. (2006). Indeterminacy and live television. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(4), 487–495. https://doi.org/10.1086/500478
Wood, S., McInnes, M. M., & Norton, D. A. (2011). The bad thing about good games: The relationship between close sporting events and game-day traffic fatalities. Journal of Consumer Research, 38(4), 611-621. https://doi.org/10.1086/660164
Woodward, S., & Greasley, A. (2017). Personal collections as material assemblages: A comparison of wardrobes and music collections. Journal of Consumer Culture, 17(3), 659-676. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540515611202
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 CBR - Consumer Behavior Review

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright Statement
- The authors authorize the publication of the article in the journal.
- The opinions and ideas expressed in articles are the authors' sole responsibility.
- The authors guarantee that the article is not the result of plagiarism. Failure to do so may result in penalties for the situation.
- Editors can adjust the text and formatting to fit the article according to the journal's publication standards.
- The articles published are the property of CBR and are protected by copyright. However, authors can disclose and make their articles available for free.
