Filosofia da lógica empiricamente informada: uma ilustração via metafísica da lógica

Auteurs

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.51359/2357-9986.2020.248891

Mots-clés :

filosofia da lógica, filosofia empiricamente informada, psicologia do pensamento, psicologia do desenvolvimento, metafísica da lógica

Résumé

Dados da psicologia são relevantes na abordagem de alguns problemas em filosofia da lógica mesmo que não se assuma, de antemão, uma posição psico-logista. Para ilustrar um método de abordar problemas na filosofia da lógica que faz largo uso de dados da psicologia, neste artigo considero a questão sobre a metafísica da lógica—qual o objeto de estudo da lógica?—à luz de resultados da psicologia do pensamento e da psicologia do desenvolvimento. Estes resultados nos permitem concluir que sistemas lógicos não são meramente descritivos de aspectos gerais da linguagem natural, do mundo ou da racionalidade humana. Os dados são consistentes com a hipótese de que sis-temas lógicos dedutivos sejam conjuntos de regras de caráter primordialmente não-descritivo, criadas mediante reflexão ativa de filósofos, matemáticos e lógicos, visando garantir inferências dedutivas em certos contextos.

Biographie de l'auteur

César Frederico dos Santos, Universidade Federal do Maranhão

Doutorando na Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Professor assistente da UFMA. Bolsista FAPEMA.

Références

ARENHART, Jonas. The Price of True Contradictions About the World. In:CARNIELLI, W.; MALINOWSKI, J. (eds). Contradictions, from Consistencyto Inconsistency. Trends in Logic (Studia Logica Library), v. 47. Springer,2018.

BALL, Linden. THOMPSON, Valerie. Belief Bias and Reasoning. In BALL,L.; THOMPSON, V. (eds.). International handbook of thinking and reaso-ning. New York, Routledge, 2018.

BÉZIAU, Jean-Yves. Logic is not logic. Abstracta, n. 6, v. 1, p. 73-102, 2010.

CARNAP, Rudolf. Empiricism, Semantics and Ontology. In BENACER-RAF, P., & PUTNAM, H. (eds.). Philosophy of Mathematics: selected rea-dings (p. 241-257). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1983.

COHNITZ, Daniel. ESTRADA-GONZÁLES, Luis. An Introduction to thePhilosophy of Logic. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2019.

DA COSTA, Newton. Ensaio sobre os fundamentos da Lógica. São Paulo,Hucitec, 1994.

DA COSTA, Newton. ARENHART, Jonas. Full-blooded anti-exceptionalismabout logic. Australasian Journal of Logic, n. 15, v. 2, p. 362-380, 2018.

DA COSTA, Newton. KRAUSE, Décio. Schrödinger Logics. Studia Logica,n. 53, p. 533-550, 1994.

DUTILH NOVAES, Catarina. Formal Languages in Logic: a philosophicaland cognitive analysis. Cambridge, Cambridge Universtiy Press, 2012.

DUTILH NOVAES, Catarina. The Dialogical Roots of Deduction. Cambrid-ge, Cambridge University Press, 2021.

ELQAYAM, Shira. The new paradigm in psychology of reasoning. In BALL,L.; THOMPSON, V. (eds.). International handbook of thinking and reaso-ning. New York, Routledge, 2018.

EVANS, J. BARSTON, Julie. POLLARD, Paul. On the conflict between lo-gic and belief in syllogistic reasoning. Memory & Cognition, n. 11, v. 3, p.295-306, 1983.

FODOR, J. A. The language of thought. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Com-pany, 1975.

FREGE, Gottlob. The Basic Laws of Arithmetic. Berkeley: University of Ca-lifornia Press, 1964.

FREGE, Gottlob. Logic. In HERMES, H., KAMBARTEL, F., KAULBACH,F. (eds.). Posthumous Writings. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1979.

FRENCH, Steven. KRAUSE, Décio. Quantum vagueness. Erkenntnis, n. 59,p. 97-124, 2003.

HYLTON, Peter. Quine. New York, Routledge, 2007.

JOHNSON, Scott. Object Perception. In ZELAZO, P. (ed.). The OxfordHandbook of Developmental Psychology, v. 1. Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 2013.

JOHNSON, Scott. Object Concept. In BENSON, J. (ed.). Encyclopedia of In-fant and Early Childhood Development, 2nd edition. vol. 2. Elsevier, 2020.

KNUDSEN, Eric. Evolution of neural processing for visual perception in ver-tebrates. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2020.

KRAUSE, Décio. ARENHART, Jonas. Is Identity Really so Fundamental?Foundations of Science, 24, p. 51–71, 2019.

LUPYAN, Gary. THOMPSON-SCHILL, Sharon. SWINGLEY, Daniel. Con-ceptual Penetration of Visual Processing. Psychological Science, n. 21, v. 5, p.682-691, 2010.

MACHERY, Édouard. Philosophy Within Its Proper Bounds. Oxford, OxfordUniversity Press, 2017.

MADDY, Penelope. Second Philosophy: a naturalistic method. Oxford, Ox-ford University Press, 2007.

MENDES, Natacha. RAKOCZY, Hannes. CALL, Josep. Ape metaphysics:Object individuation without language. Cognition, n. 106, v. 2, 2008.

MERCIER, Hugo. Reasoning and Argumentation. In BALL, L.; THOMP-SON, V. (eds.). International handbook of thinking and reasoning. New York,Routledge, 2018.

OAKSFORD, Mike. CHATER, Nick. A Rational Analysis of the SelectionTask as Optimal Data Selection. Psychological Review, vol. 101, n. 4, p. 608-631, 1994.

OAKSFORD, Mike. CHATER, Nick. New Paradigms in the Psychology ofReasoning. Annual Review of Psychology, n. 71, p. 305-330, 2020.

PYLYSHYN, Zenon. Is vision continuous with cognition? The case for cogni-tive impenetrability of visual perception. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, n. 22,p. 341-423, 1999.

QUINE, W.V.O. Two Dogmas of Empiricism. In Harding, S.G. (ed.). CanTheories be Refuted? Dordrecht, Springer, 1976.

RUSSELL, Gillian. Varieties of Logical Consequence by Their Resistance toLogical Nihilism. In WYATT, J., PEDERSEN, N., & KELLEN, N. (eds).Pluralisms in Truth and Logic. Cham (Switzerland), Palgrave Macmillan,2018.

SÁ, Walter. WEST, Richard. STANOVICH, Keith. The domain specificityand generality of belief bias: Searching for a generalizable critical thinkingskill.Journal of Educational Psychology,91(3), 497–510, 1999.

SCHLIESSER, Eric. Synthetic philosophy. Biology & Philosophy, 34, v. 2, p.1-9, 2019.

SORENSEN, Roy. Vagueness. In ZALTA, E. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclope-dia of Philosophy, Summer edition, 2018.

TEUFEL, Christoph. NANAY, Bence. How to (and how not to) think abouttop-down influences on visual perception. Consciousness and Cognition, 2016.

VETTER, Petra. NEWEN, Albert. Varieties of cognitive penetration in visualperception. Consciousness and Cognition, n. 27, p. 62-75, 2014.

WILLIAMSON, Timothy. Vagueness. London, Routledge, 1994.

WILLIAMSON, Timothy. Modal Logic as Metaphysics. Oxford, Oxford Uni-versity Press, 2013.

WILLIAMSON, Timothy. Semantic paradoxes and abductive methodology.In Armour-Garb, B. (ed.). Reflections on the Liar. Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 2017.

Téléchargements

Publiée

2020-11-27

Numéro

Rubrique

Número Especial sobre Filosofia da Lógica