Política nacional sobre mudança do clima no Brasil: uma avaliação de instrumentos e de efetividade

Abstract

Climate change is emerging as one of the main problems that the international community must face in the 21st century. Brazil, as a signatory of international treaties on the subject, is committed to mitigating the causes and effects of climate change in order to prevent the planet's temperature from rising to a level of collapse of ecosys-tems. In this context, this work aims to evaluate the National Policy on Climate Change, considering the following aspects: relevance, impact, effectiveness, persistence, flexibility, efficiency, legitimacy, transparency and equity. To this end, we analyzed the effectiveness of the instruments available in the PNMC, implemented in conjunction with other environmental laws, from the monitoring data made available by the Federal Government until December 2020, to understand how the sectors responsible for most of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Brazil reacted, which are the forest and land use change, energy and transportation and agriculture sectors. The conclusion about the success of the PNMC is very prejudiced, due to the difference between the official data, made available by the Federal Gov-ernment, and those collected and accounted for by civil society, in relation to Brazilian emissions of greenhouse gases. Considering the official data, in general terms, the PNMC is a successful policy, in relation to the results, despite the difference in relation to the official data presented by state agents and those published by civil society entities. In addition, the norm isprogrammatic and lacks effective command and control instruments and has not executed the main economic instrument provided in it, the Brazilian Emissions Reduction Market. The policy also depends on the effectiveness of other environmental standards, so that its goals can be achieved.