Estimativa da Profundidade do Solo: Parte 1 - Métodos de Campo (Soil depth estimation: Part 1 – Field methods)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-2295.20150063Keywords:
Profundidade do solo, métodos de campo, métodos de referência, métodos geofísicosAbstract
A profundidade do solo é um parâmetro de extrema importância e de difícil estimativa em diversos estudos ambientais, principalmente geomorfológicos e hidrológicos. Além disso, a profundidade do solo é uma das variáveis dos sistemas de encostas com comportamento menos compreendido pela comunidade científica. O presente trabalho é o primeiro de dois artigos que têm como objetivo apresentar o estado da arte referente aos métodos utilizados para estimativa deste parâmetro. Neste primeiro artigo são abordados os métodos de campo, sendo que estes ainda foram subdivididos em: (i) métodos de referência; e (ii) métodos geofísicos. Os métodos de referência caracterizam-se principalmente pela abertura de trincheiras, tradagem e uso de penetrômetros. Os geofísicos englobam, principalmente, métodos sísmicos, elétricos e eletromagnéticos. O avanço nas técnicas de aplicação dos métodos geofísicos demonstra sua grande potencialidade para identificar formações na subsuperfície. Entretanto, os métodos de referência, embora rudimentares, ainda são necessários para validação das informações obtidas com os demais métodos.
Abstract
Soil depth is an important parameter which is hard to be estimated in various environmental studies, mainly geomorphic and hydrological ones. Furthermore, the soil depth is one of the most unknown variables of the hillslope system for the scientific community. The present work is the first of two papers that aim to present the state of the art related to methods to estimate soil depth. This paper addresses the field methods that are divided in two types: (i) reference methods; and (ii) geophysical methods. The reference methods are characterized for opening trenches, borehole and the use of penetrometers. The geophysical ones include mainly seismic, electric and electromagnetic methods. The improvement in the geophysical methods demonstrates a great potential to identify subsurface formations. However, the reference methods, that are more rudimentary, still remain necessary for validation of the information obtained by the other methods.
Keywords: Soil depth, field methods, reference methods, geophysical methods
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Copyright (c) 2016 Gean Paulo Michel, Masato Kobiyama
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