Uso e ocupação do solo por meio de uma série histórica na bacia do rio Santa Teresa em Goiás (Use and occupation of the soil through a historical series in the Santa Teresa river watershed in Goiás)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v9.1.p296-304Keywords:
Cerrado, Conservação, Geoprocessamento.Abstract
O uso e ocupação do solo de forma desordenada leva a degradação ambiental e perda de recursos. Este cenário tem sido observado para o Cerrado. A vegetação do bioma tem sido intensamente convertida ao longo do tempo para diversos fins. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso e cobertura do solo através de uma série histórica de 28 anos na bacia do rio Santa Teresa, estado de Goiás. Foram obtidas imagens dos satélites Landsat 5 e 8 para os anos de 1985, 1997 e 2013. As imagens foram processadas usando o programa ENVI 4.7 e ArcGIS 10.0. De 1985 até 2013 houve uma redução de 17,22% da vegetação natural, que tem sido convertida principalmente em áreas de pastagem para a criação de gado. Além disso, áreas com solo exposto também tem aumentado, reflexo, principalmente, das atividades agropecuárias. A bacia do rio Santa Teresa tem uma grande área de vegetação remanescente (70,37% da área da bacia em 2013), entretanto, ressaltamos a necessidade de esforços da comunidade científica para inventariar os recursos naturais, pois a bacia carece de estudos científicos, e, com isso, buscar maneiras de conservar o que resta antes que seja degradado, visto que mudanças na cobertura do solo tem ocorrido ao longo do tempo.
A B S T R A C T
The use and occupation of soil in a disorganized way leads to environmental degradation and loss of resources. This scenario has been observed for the Cerrado. The vegetation biome has been extensively converted over time for various purposes. The study aimed to evaluate the use of land through a historical series in Santa Teresa river watershed in Goiás state. Satellite images Landsat 5 and 8 for the years 1985, 1997 and 2013 were obtained. Images were processed using ENVI 4.7 and ArcGIS 10.0. From 1985 until 2013 there was a reduction of 17.22% of the natural vegetation which has been converted mainly grazing areas for cattle breeding. In addition, areas with exposed soil has also increased, mainly reflecting the livestock activities. The watershed of the river Santa Teresa has a large remaining green area (70.37% of the watershed area in 2013), however, we emphasize the need for efforts of the scientific community to inventory the natural resources because the watershed lacks scientific studies and thus find ways to conserve, before it is degraded.
Keywords: Cerrado, Conservation, Geoprocessing
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Copyright (c) 2016 Pedro Paulino Borges, Patrick Thomaz de Aquino Martins, Anamaria Achtschin Ferreira
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