Consequências das rápidas mudanças ambientais no Ártico (Consequences of rapid environmental changes in the Arctic)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-2295.20160077Keywords:
Ártico, Gelo Marinho, Mudanças Climáticas, Geografia Polar.Abstract
Este artigo analisa as mudanças ambientais que ocorreram no Ártico ao longo das últimas cinco décadas. O estudo foi realizado pela coleta de dados em artigos científicos, livros e também relatórios de ONGs associadas a questão ártica. Durante os últimos 50 anos, o Ártico mostrou a mais rápida aquecimento no Planeta, duas vezes mais que a média mundial, isso causou rápidas mudanças ambientais, como a redução do volume das geleiras, o que contribuí para o aumento do nível médio dos mares; o degelo do permafrost, que libera grandes quantidades de dióxido de carbono (CO2) e metano (CH4) na atmosfera, intensificando o efeito estufa; a migração da vegetação em direção ao Norte, alterando a disponibilidade de alimentos e os padrões de migração dos animais; o aumento da temperatura da superfície do mar, o que pode causar a migração de cardumes de peixes para áreas mais ao Norte. A mudança mais rápida, e a que mais chama a atenção, é a drástica redução da área coberta por gelo marinho no verão. O Ártico é o sinalizador do impacto das mudanças climáticas de origem antrópica e caminha, rapidamente, para se tornar um ambiente diferente daquele conhecido desde as grandes descobertas. Em poucas décadas não haverá gelo marinho no verão, causando claras mudanças no ambiente físico e com consequências graves para a biota.
A B S T R A C T
This article analyses the environmental changes that have occurred in the Arctic over the past five decades. The study was conducted by collecting data in scientific papers, books and also NGOs reports associate with the Arctic issue. During the past 50 years, the Arctic showed the fastest warming on the planet, more than twice the world average, it caused rapid environmental changes, such as reducing the volume of glaciers, which contributed to the increase in the mean sea level; the melting of permafrost, which releases large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) into the atmosphere, enhancing the greenhouse effect; migration of vegetation towards the north, changing the availability of food and animal migration patterns; increasing sea surface temperature, which can cause migration of fish shoals in areas further north. The fastest change, the one that draws the most attention, is the drastic reduction in the area covered by sea ice in the summer. The Arctic is a climate change beacon because of anthropogenic and walks quickly to become a different environment from the time known from of the great discoveries. In a few decades there will be no sea ice in the summer, causing clear changes in the physical environment and with serious consequences for the biota.
Keywords: Arctic, Sea ice, Climate Change, Polar Geography.
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Copyright (c) 2016 Enoil de Souza Júnior, Jefferson Cardia Simões, Kátia Kellem da Rosa
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