Qualidade física de solos arenosos submetidos a diferentes usos da terra (Physical quality of sandy soils subjected to different land uses)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-2295.20160102Keywords:
Cana-de-açúcar, Pastagem, Degradação dos solos, Resistência mecânica à penetraçãoAbstract
Nos últimos 30 anos tem-se verificado no cenário nacional a expansão dos cultivos de cana-de-açúcar especialmente em áreas antes ocupadas por pastagens. No geral, a modificação dos usos da terra ocasiona impactos nos atributos físicos dos solos, restringindo o pleno desenvolvimento radicular e favorecendo o aumento dos processos erosivos e a degradação dos solos. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar as características físicas dos solos arenosos submetidos ao uso com cana-de-açúcar, pastagens e mata nativa secundária. Foram coletadas amostras de solos na bacia hidrográfica do córrego Monjolo Grande, Ipeúna/São Paulo. Foram realizadas análises granulométricas e obtidos os valores de densidade do solo e porosidade total. Também foram obtidos os valores de resistência mecânica do solo à penetração (RMP) e taxas de infiltração. A análise granulométrica demonstrou que os solos possuem elevada proporção de areia fina, denotando maior susceptibilidade aos processos erosivos. Quando da comparação com as áreas de mata nativa secundária, a maior parte das áreas com pastagens apresentaram RMP superior a 3 MPa, aumento da compactação em subsuperfície com consequente aumento da densidade do solo e diminuição da porosidade total. No entanto, o cultivo com cana-de-açúcar realizado há oito anos causou maiores modificações nos atributos físicos dos solos que o uso realizado há mais de quarenta anos com pastagens. Considerando a expansão da cultura de cana-de-açúcar e os impactos deste uso nos atributos físicos dos solos, torna-se necessária a adoção de um adequado planejamento do uso da terra que considere as limitações físicas de cada paisagem.
A B S T R A C T
In the last thirty years is checked the expansion of sugarcane crop especially in areas previously occupied by pastures. Overall, the change of land use causes impacts on the soil physical attributes, restricting ROOT DEVELOPMENT and favoring the increase in erosion and soil degradation. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the physical characteristics of sandy soils used with sugarcane, pasture and secondary native forest. Soil samples were collected in the basin of the stream Monjolo Grande, Ipeúna / São Paulo. We perform size analysis and obtain the bulk density and total porosity. Also there were obtained the values of soil strength (SS) and infiltration rates. The grain size analysis showed that the soils have a high proportion of fine sand, showing increased susceptibility to erosion. When compared to the areas of secondary native forest, most of the areas with pasture presented SS greater than 3 MPa, increased soil compaction in the subsurface with a consequent increase in bulk density and decrease in total porosity. However, the cultivation of sugarcane carried out eight years ago caused major changes in the soil physical properties that the use with pastures held for more than forty years. Considering the expansion of sugarcane culture and the impact of this use on the soil physical attributes, it is necessary to adopt an appropriate planning of land use that consider the physical limitations of each landscape.
Key words: sugarcane, pasture, soil degradation, soil strength
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Copyright (c) 2016 Edvania Aparecida Corrêa, Isabel Cristina Moraes, Sergio dos Anjos Ferreira Pinto

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