Variações morfológicas nas praias oceânicas de Niterói (RJ, Brasil) em resposta a incidência de ondas de tempestades (Morphological variations of ocean beaches of Niterói (RJ) in response to storms wave incidence)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-2295.20170011Keywords:
Praia, dinâmica costeira, geomorfologia, enseada de ItaipuAbstract
As praias da enseada de Itaipu em Niterói (RJ) vêm sendo modificadas devido a rápida urbanização que ocorreu após a década de 1970 com a construção da ponte Rio-Niterói. As praias de Piratininga, Sossego, Camboinhas e Itaipu são dinâmicas e importantes para a proteção do litoral, frente as ondas de tempestades que podem alcançar 3 metros na arrebentação. O presente estudo apresenta dados de topografia praial e de condições de mar obtidos durante e após a ocorrência de ressacas entre 2013 e 2014. Os resultados ressaltam o caráter altamente dinâmico das praias oceânicas de Niterói e a vulnerabilidade destas as grandes ondas de tempestades. O comportamento distinto dessas praias é o resultado da energia diferenciada das ondas incidentes ao longo da costa. Essas praias se estreitam rapidamente em resposta a ocorrência de ressacas, restabelecendo-se logo a seguir quando do retorno às condições de tempo bom. A praia de Piratininga é a mais dinâmica, tendo variado entre 34 m e 87 m de largura no inverno. Também é a mais urbanizada e apresenta problemas com a destruição de estruturas de engenharia construídas praticamente dentro do pós-praia. Foi observado uma grande mobilidade de sedimentos ao longo do arco praial em resposta a ação das correntes de deriva litorânea, no caso de Piratininga e Camboinhas, e entre a parte emersa e submersa.
A B S T R A C T
The beaches of the Itaipu embayment in Niterói (Rio de Janeiro) have been modified due to rapid urbanization in the 1970s after the construction of the Rio-Niterói bridge. The beaches of Piratininga, Sossego, Camboinhas and Itaipu are dynamic and important to protect the coast against the impact of stormy waves that can reach three meters in the breaking zone. This study presents beach topography data and sea conditions data obtained during and after storm surges between 2013 and 2014. The results highlight the highly dynamic nature of the ocean beaches of Niteroi and their vulnerability to large stormy waves. The distinct behavior of these beaches is the result of the differentiated energy of the incident waves along the coast. These beaches quickly narrow in response to storm surge and they recompose immediately with the return of good weather conditions. Piratininga beach is the most dynamic, ranging between 34 and 87 meters wide in the winter. It is also the most urbanized and it has problems with the destruction of engineering structures built practically into the backshore. These beaches exhibit high mobility of sediments longitudinally in response to action of longshore currents, especially Piratininga and Camboinhas, and between the unsubmerged and the submerged portion.
Keywords: beach, coastal dynamic, geomorphology, Itaipu Embayment.
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Copyright (c) 2017 André Luiz Carvalho da Silva, Leonardo Rodrigues Eccard, Carolina Pereira Silvestre
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