Radiação solar ultravioleta e fotodermatoses em La Paz – Bolívia (Ultraviolet solar radiation and photodermatoses in La Paz – Bolívia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-2295.20170022Keywords:
Radiação ultravioleta, Índice ultravioleta, Fotodermatoses.Abstract
A Radiação Ultravioleta (R-UV) constitui o principal fator no desenvolvimento das fotodermatoses (FTD) destacando o melanoma. A altitude implica em registros elevados do Índice de Radiação Ultravioleta (IUV). La Paz, capital da Bolívia, com 3.600m de altitude, reúne condições favoráveis para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa cujo objetivo principal foi avaliar o comportamento dos níveis de IUV e número de casos novos de FTD no período de 1998 - 2012. Coletaram-se informações de casos de FTD da Policlínica Central do Hospital “Caja Nacional de Salud” (CNS). As informações de R-UV foram obtidas pelo espectrofotômetro Brewer. Realizou-se a avaliação descritiva das taxas de incidência de FTD, IUV e Dose Eritematosa Mínima (DEM). Utilizaram-se as equações de estimação generalizada para estimar o risco relativo de FTD por sexo e faixa etária. Observou-se que independente da época do ano, no horário próximo ao meio dia, 94,6% dos registros de IUV corresponderam às escalas “Muito Alto e Extremo”, a DEM para fototipo IV (450 Jm-2) foi atingida logo nas duas primeiras horas do dia. Nos verões a dose diária eritêmica acumulada (DEA) atingiu um máximo de 12.950 Jm-2. No período de estudo registraram-se 12.153 casos de FTD dos quais 63,7% correspondem ao sexo feminino. A Taxa média de Incidência (TI) foi de 31 casos por 100.000 habitantes, evidenciando um risco de 4.7 vezes maior nos idosos comparado à faixa de 0 a 4 anos. Conclui-se que há necessidade de adotar políticas e estratégias de educação de proteção de acordo com a realidade de La Paz.
A B S T R A C T
Ultraviolet Radiation (UV-R) is the main factor in the development of photodermatoses (FTD), highlighting melanoma. The altitude implies high records of the Ultraviolet Radiation Index (UVI). La Paz, capital of Bolivia, with 3.600m of altitude, gathers favorable conditions for the development of this research whose main objective was to evaluate the behavior of the UVI levels and number of new cases of FTD in the period 1998-2012. Information on FTD cases has been collected from the Central Polyclinic of the Hospital ";Caja Nacional de Salud";(CNS). The UV-R information was obtained by Brewer spectrophotometer. A descriptive evaluation of the incidence rates of FTD, UVI and Minimum Erythematosus Dose (MED) was performed. Generalized estimation equations were used to estimate the relative risk of FTD by sex and age group. It was observed that, regardless of the time of the year, at around midday, 94.6% of the UVI records corresponded to the ";Very High and Extreme"; scales, the MED for phototype IV (450Jm-2) was soon reached in the first two hours of the day. In summers, the accumulated erythremic daily dose (AED) reached a maximum of 12.950 Jm-2. In the study period, 12.153 cases of FTD were recorded, of which 63.7% corresponded to females. The average Incidence Rate (IR) was 31 cases per 100.000 inhabitants, showing a 4.7-fold higher risk in the elderly compared to 0 to 4 years. It is concluded that there is a need to adopt policies and strategies of protection education according to the reality of La Paz city.
Keywords: ultraviolet radiation, ultraviolet radiation index, photodermatoses.
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