Análise de Modelos de Evapotranspiração por Sensoriamento Remoto na Caatinga: Uma Compreensão de Variações Temporais e Espaciais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v17.5.p3663-3681Keywords:
Balanço de energia à superfície, Google Earth Engine, Ciclo HidrológicoAbstract
A evapotranspiração (ET) desempenha um papel crucial no ciclo da água, influenciando o clima local e sustentando os processos vitais no ambiente terrestre. É possível estimar a ET em nível regional utilizando modelos de balanço de energia à superfície (SEB) com dados de Sensoriamento Remoto (SR). Contudo, diferentes modelos SEB podem produzir resultados discrepantes, especialmente em ambientes sazonais e sensíveis à disponibilidade de água, como a Caatinga. Para investigar essas discrepâncias entre os modelos SEB, foram avaliados os modelos STEEP, SEBAL e S-SEBI em uma sub-bacia do Alto Paraíba, inserida na Caatinga. A análise da ET em áreas de pastagem e Caatinga revelou comportamentos contrastantes. Na pastagem, os modelos STEEP, SEBAL e S-SEBI indicaram uma ET estável, abaixo de 2 mm/dia, tanto em períodos secos quanto chuvosos. Por outro lado, na Caatinga, houve uma redução significativa na ET durante a estação seca, demonstrando adaptação desta vegetação à escassez de água. O modelo STEEP, ao considerar a umidade do solo e a estrutura da planta em sua modelagem, apresentou uma representação mais precisa da Caatinga, enquanto os modelos SEBAL e S-SEBI mostraram limitações nesse contexto. Esses resultados ressaltam a importância de considerar as particularidades das vegetações ao modelar processos hidrológicos, especialmente em regiões com condições climáticas variadas, como a Caatinga. A compreensão dessas diferenças entre os modelos SEB é crucial para aprimorar as estimativas de ET em áreas sensíveis, fornecendo informações mais precisas para a gestão sustentável dos recursos hídricos nessas regiões.
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