Análise da Evolução Temporal de Garimpo Ilegal Sobre a Terra Indígena Kayapó
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v18.3.p2069-2086Keywords:
Sensoriamento remoto, Desmatamento, Landsat-8, Análise temporalAbstract
Ferramentas de sensoriamento remoto são essenciais para monitorar a expansão de garimpos em Terras Indígenas (TI), muitas vezes sendo a única forma de fiscalização ambiental, especialmente em áreas remotas. Apesar de estudos sobre a proteção de TI estarem bem documentados, a relação entre a expansão do garimpo e as políticas governamentais é pouco explorada. Nesse contexto, o sensoriamento remoto permite mapear essas regiões e mensurar os impactos em diferentes escalas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a expansão do garimpo ilegal em cinco áreas da TI Kayapó entre 2014 e 2023, utilizando a plataforma Google Earth Engine e imagens do satélite Landsat-8. O algoritmo Random Forest foi empregado para classificar quatro classes: garimpo, água, vegetação e desflorestamento. Os resultados indicaram uma redução nas classes água (24,57%) e vegetação (4,89%), com um aumento significativo nas classes garimpo (380%) e desflorestamento (149%). O garimpo mostrou forte correlação com o desflorestamento (p<0,05; 0,94) e vegetação (p<0,05; -0,95). O estudo revelou que a expansão do garimpo na TI Kayapó cresceu durante o período analisado, influenciada por eventos político-sociais, como mudanças governamentais e a pandemia de 2019. Além disso, a resolução espacial das imagens favoreceu a precisão da classificação. Por fim, o uso do classificador Random Forest com imagens Landsat-8 se mostrou eficaz na identificação da expansão do garimpo na TI Kayapó.
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