Variabilidade da Área de Cultivo do Algodão Herbáceo em Sistema de Sequeiro no Nordeste do Brasil Segundo Cenários de Mudanças Climáticas (Variability in Area of Upland Cotton in Rainfed System in Northeastern Brazil the Second Climate Change Scenarios)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v4i3.232727Abstract
Este estudo avalia os impactos das alterações climáticas sobre o zoneamento agrícola de risco climático do algodoeiro herbáceo (Gossypium hirsutum L. latifolium Hutch) cultivado na região Nordeste do Brasil. O modelo de balanço hídrico, combinado com técnicas de geoprocessamento (SIG), foi utilizado para identificar as áreas da região de estudo onde a cultura sofrerá restrições de rendimento devido às mudanças climáticas. Os dados utilizados no estudo foram as séries históricas de precipitação pluvial com no mínimo 30 anos de dados diários, coeficientes de cultura, evapotranspiração potencial e a duração do ciclo da cultura. Os cenários denominados de A, B e C são correspondentes, respectivamente, aos aumentos de temperatura do ar de 1,5; 3 e 5 ºC. Esses cenários de aumento de temperatura do ar foram associados com as alterações na precipitação de ±10; ±25 e ±40%, correspondentes aos eventos de El Niño (desvios negativos) e de La Niña (desvios positivos) na simulação da época de semeadura da cultura. Foi adotado como critério de corte para o Índice de Satisfação das Necessidades de Água para a cultura (ISNA), definido como a relação entre a evapotranspiração real e a evapotranspiração máxima (ETr/ETm), o valor 0,55. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que as mudanças climáticas levam à redução das áreas agricultáveis favoráveis ao cultivo com o algodoeiro herbáceo na região Nordeste do Brasil.
Palavras - chave: Precipitação pluvial, Balanço hídrico, Mudanças climáticas.
Variability in Area of Upland Cotton in Rainfed System in Northeastern Brazil the Second Climate Change Scenarios
ABSTRACT
This study assesses the impacts of climate change on the agricultural zoning of climatic risk in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. latifolium Hutch) grown in northeastern region of Brazil. The water balance model, combined with geospatial technologies (GIS), was used to identify areas of the study area where the crop will suffer yield restrictions due to climate change. The data used were the time series in rainfall at least 30 years of daily data, crop coefficients, potential evapotranspiration and duration of the crop cycle. The scenarios referred here as A, B and C are corresponding to the increases in air temperature of 1.5, 3 and 5 oC, respectively. These scenarios of increase in air temperature were associated with changes in precipitation ± 10, ± 25 and ± 40%, which are associated to the El Niño events (negative deviations) and La Niña (positive deviations) in the simulation of sowing crop. It was adopted as baseline for the Index of Satisfaction of Water Requirements for culture (ISNA), defined as the ratio between actual evapotranspiration and maximum evapotranspiration (ETr/ETm), the value 0.55. The results suggest that climate change leads to the reduction in agricultural areas of cotton crop growth in northeastern region of Brazil.
Keywords: Rainfall, Water balance model, Climatic change
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Copyright (c) 2011 Madson Tavares Silva, Vicente de P. R. da Silva, João H. B. da C. Campos, Sonaly D. de Oliveira

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