Hydroclimatic Bulletin for Planning Unit UP15

Abstract

The hydrological bulletin for the Metropolitan South Region of Pernambuco presents a detailed analysis of the local water dynamics, based on simulations using the SWAT hydrological model integrated into the SUPer system. The region is characterized by high rainfall variability, with extreme precipitation events exceeding 300 mm, increasing potential evapotranspiration (ranging from 2 to 6 mm/day), and soil water storage varying between 250 and 400 mm. Percolation, which indicates aquifer recharge, shows intermittent behavior, with values between 0 and 10 mm/day.

With an average annual precipitation of 2,180 mm, the region registers actual evapotranspiration of 1,009 mm (46% of the total), surface runoff of 555 mm, and significant recharge to the shallow aquifer (361 mm). However, data indicate that streamflow is highly dependent on extreme precipitation events, highlighting the region's vulnerability to both droughts and floods.

The bulletin emphasizes the need for climate adaptation strategies, such as vegetation conservation, resilient infrastructure, soil management, and continuous hydrological monitoring. These measures are essential to mitigate the impacts of hydroclimatic variability and to ensure water security for both the population and ecosystems in the region.