Cosmopolitismo, hospitalidade e transnacionalismo

Abstract

In Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch (1795/96), Kant presents the hypothesis that republican states could live without wars with other republics. Kant means by republic what today would be called democratic governments. It was, therefore, a project for the democratic peace. In view of the challenges posed by globalization, this article deals with the following question: is it possible to keep the cosmopolitan Kantian point of view in building a politically constructed transnational society? The reflection will be through three perspective: We will see with J. Habermas that it is with Kant that human rights are fixed in the doctrine of law. The necessity to impose the legal framework of the human rights concept is possible, according to this author, through the Kantian conception of cosmopolitan law, that is why it is so up to date. The second point concerns the idea of hospitality crafted by J. Derrida. According to the second author, the Kantian view lacks updating and adjustment, we are not yet sufficiently cosmopolitan in the sense advocated by Kant. Finally, it will be interesting to evaluate the rescue of cosmopolitan point of view made by K. A. Appiah. The author proceeds through two aspects: the idea of having obligations to others by ties of a shared citizenship and the real interest not just in human lives but in particular human lives, in the practices and beliefs that lend them significance.