Influência do Crescimento Urbano sobre o Microclima de Manaus e Belém: Um Estudo Observacional (The influence of urban growth on the microclimate of Manaus and Belém: A observational study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-2295.20150057Keywords:
Urbanização, Amazônia, Tendências de temperatura.Abstract
O crescimento urbano, relacionado com acelerados processos de urbanização e consequentes mudanças dos usos e cobertura da terra podem modificar diretamente o balanço de energia em superfície, gerando modificações na atmosfera que podem variar em escalas local até regional. Procurando entender as dimensões dos efeitos da urbanização em cidades da região Norte do Brasil, o principal objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a influencia do crescimento urbano sobre o microclima local das cidades de Manaus e Belém. Para o estudo foram utilizadas séries históricas de temperatura e precipitação coletados nos dois municípios, assim como imagens de satélite e dados de reanálises atmosféricas. Os resultados obtidos através das análises de tendências mostraram uma elevação na temperatura de até 1,5 ºC nos últimos 50 anos, diretamente associada com o crescimento da área urbana. Análises de extremos de temperatura diária também apontaram que o microclima das cidades de Manaus e Belém está modificando, sendo influenciado não só pela variabilidade climática, mas também por mudanças nos usos da terra relacionados com processos de urbanização. A partir dos resultados foi possível observar que o crescimento da área urbana e aumento da população apresentam relação direta com modificações no microclima local das duas cidades.
A B S T R A C T
The urban growth associated with the urbanization process can directly modify the surface energy balance, generating changes in the atmosphere that may vary from the local to regional scale. Thus, trying to understand the dimensions of the effects of urbanization, the objective of this work is to study the influence of urban growth on the local microclimate of the cities of Manaus and Belém. For the study we used historical temperature and rainfall data collected in both cities, as well as satellite imagery and atmospheric reanalysis data. The results obtained through trend analysis showed an increase of temperature of up to 1.5 oC in the last 50 years, showing a possible relationship with the urban growth. Analysis of extreme daily temperature also proved that the microclimate of Manaus and Belém is changing, being influenced not only by climate variability, but also by changes in land-related processes, such as urbanization. In the results we observed that the growth of the urban area and the increase of population is directly related to changes in local microclimate of the cities.
Keywords: Urbanization, Amazon, Temperature trends
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Copyright (c) 2016 Diego Oliveira de Souza, Marília Guedes do Nascimento, Regina Célia dos Santos Alvalá
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