Classificação Hierárquica Automatizada de Formas do Relevo no Estado do Paraná Apoiada na Modelagem Digital do Terreno (Automated Hierarchical Classification of Landforms in the State of Paraná Supported by Digital Terrain Modeling)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v8.5.p1509-1523Keywords:
Geomorfometria, Mapeamento Geomorfológico, MDE SRTM90Abstract
Na perspectiva da modelagem digital do terreno aplicada à identificação e mapeamento de feições e unidades morfológicas, pautada no desenvolvimento da geomorfometria e das geotecnologias em ambiente de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas, o presente trabalho emprega a aplicação da proposta de classificação hierárquica de formas do relevo de Hammond (1964), adaptada para o ambiente informatizado por Dikau (1991). A área de estudo adotada compreende o estado do Paraná, Brasil. O método consiste num sistema de classificação em três níveis hierárquicos resultante da combinação de três variáveis morfométricas (declividade, gradiente altimétrico e predomínio de áreas planas) calculados a partir de uma janela móvel definida e que resultam em até 96 classes distintas de relevo. Tendo como referência o Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) SRTM90, três janelas amostrais foram testadas: 9,63x9,63km, 4,77x4,77km e 2,43x2,43km. Os resultados apontaram que os parâmetros de entrada, como a resolução espacial do MDE, tamanho da área amostral e variáveis morfométricas utilizadas, afetam diretamente o produto final, sendo necessário embasar a escolha dos mesmos em relação aos objetivos do mapeamento, ao fator de escala da base de dados e à taxonomia do relevo. O nível de detalhamento/generalização das classificações obtidas também evidenciou que as atribuições qualitativas (nomenclatura das classes) variam conforme as características geomorfológicas locais. Destaca-se, ainda, a potencialidade da classificação em distinguir e representar unidades morfológicas por níveis de dissecação do relevo. A proposta automatizada mostrou-se uma alternativa viável para suporte de apoio em trabalhos de cartografia geomorfológica. Cabe destacar que a inclusão de outros conjuntos de variáveis, modificação de parâmetros e aplicação em recortes específicos de estudo emerge como desafio para trabalhos posteriores.
A B S T R A C T
From the perspective of digital terrain modeling applied to the identification and mapping of features and morphological units, based on the development of geomorphometrics and geotechnology in the environment of Geographic Information Systems, this paper employs the application of the proposed hierarchical classification of landforms Hammond (1964) adapted by Dikau (1991) to computerized environment. The study areas encompassed the state of Paraná, Brazil. The method consists of a system of classification into three hierarchical levels resulting from the combination of three morphometric variables (slope, relief and profile type) calculated from a defined moving window and which results in up to 96 different relief classes. With reference to the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) SRTM90 three sample windows were tested: 9.63x9.63km, 4.77x4.77km and 2.43x2.43km. The results showed that the input parameters, the spatial resolution of the DEM, the size of sampling area and the morphometric variables used directly affect the final product. It is therefore necessary to base the selection of the same in relation to the mapping objectives, the scaling factor database and landform taxonomy. The level of detail/generalization of the classifications obtained also showed that the qualitative attributes (nomenclature of classes) vary according to local geomorphological characteristics. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of classification to distinguish and represent morphological units by level of dissection of relief. The automated proposal proved to be a viable alternative to support work in geomorphological mapping. It is worth noting that the inclusion of other sets of variables, parameter modification and application in specific frameworks of study emerges as a challenge for further work.
Key words: Geomorphometry; Geomorphological Mapping; DEM SRTM90
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Copyright (c) 2016 Ricardo Michael Pinheiro Silveira, Claudinei Taborda da Silveira

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