Anomalias das Temperaturas Extremas do Ar em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil (Anomalies of Extreme Air Temperatures in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-2295.20150089Keywords:
temperatura máxima, temperatura mínima, variabilidade climática.Abstract
R E S U M O
O artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a frequência e a variação anual, sazonal e mensal das anomalias identificadas nas séries diárias das temperaturas máximas e mínimas do ar da cidade de Fortaleza, período de 1974 a 2009. As anomalias foram definidas de acordo com a sua duração (comprimento) e sua gravidade térmica (amplitude e intensidade). Assim, foram estabelecidas anomalias de duração de 3 dias, 4 dias e ≥ 5 dias, as quais foram classificadas quanto à sua amplitude (Alta, Moderada e Baixa) e à sua intensidade térmica (Forte, Moderada e Fraca). Foram identificadas 1.394 anomalias térmicas. Desse montante, 39 são anomalias positivas, que se configuram como períodos de calor Forte, e 30 são anomalias negativas, que representam os períodos de frescor Forte. Os períodos de calor e frescor Forte em Fortaleza ocorreram com mais frequência no intervalo ≥ 5 dias, sobretudo para as anomalias positivas. Os períodos de calor Forte de mais intensidade térmica da série ocorreram nas décadas de 1990 e 2000. Os meses de março e de agosto concentram a maior soma de registros de anomalias positivas ≥ 5 dias e a maior frequência de períodos de calor Forte da série, enquanto que os meses do verão, principalmente dezembro e janeiro, concentram o maior número de períodos de frescor Forte. Verificou-se que os picos dos períodos de frescor Forte de maior gravidade térmica têm intensidade mais elevada do que os picos dos períodos de calor Forte de maior gravidade.
A B S T R A C T
This study analyzes the frequency and the annual, seasonal and monthly variation of anomalies identified in the daily series of maximum and minimum air temperatures in the city of Fortaleza, from 1974 to 2009. The anomalies were defined according to their duration (length) and thermal gravity (amplitude and intensity). Hence, 3-, 4- and ≥ 5-day length anomalies were established, which were classified as to their amplitude (as high, moderate and low) and thermal intensity (as strong, moderate and weak). A total of 1,394 thermal anomalies were identified. Of these, 39 were positive anomalies, characterized by strong heat periods, and 30 were negative anomalies, representing periods of strong freshness. Strong heat and freshness periods in Fortaleza occurred more frequently in the range ≥ 5 days, especially for positive anomalies. The strong heat periods with the highest thermal intensity of the series took place in the 1990s and 2000. The months of March and August showed the largest amount of records of positive anomalies ≥ 5 days and the greatest frequency of strong heat periods of the series, while summer months, especially December and January, showed the highest number of strong freshness periods. The peaks of strong freshness periods with the highest thermal gravity were found to have a higher intensity than the peaks of strong heat periods with the highest gravity.
Keywords: maximum temperature, minimum temperature, climate variability.
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Copyright (c) 2016 Marcelo Oliveira Moura
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