Uso da Terra como facilitador da Degradação Ambiental no município de Santa Quitéria, Ceará (Land use as a facilitating factor of environmental degradation in the municipality of Santa Quiteria, Ceara)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v10.4.p1329-1345Keywords:
Uso da terra, Degradação ambiental, Cobertura Vegetal, GeoprocessamentoAbstract
O presente tem trabalho tem por objetivo identificar se a pressão do uso e a exploração econômica dos recursos naturais têm contribuído para degradação do bioma caatinga no município de Santa Quitéria-CE. A metodologia consistiu na análise do histórico do uso da terra, dispondo de dados da série histórica (1984-2014) de: Produção Agrícola Municipal Produção da Extração Vegetal e Silvicultura e Efetivo de Rebanhos (Pecuária), bem como dados de Estrutura Fundiária e Assentamentos e Exploração Mineral. Utilizou-se interpretação visual de imagens do satélite CEBERS 4, aerofotos de Veículo Aéreo Não Tripulado (VANT) e Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), assim como trabalho de campo para subsidiar a execução do mapeamento. Para obtenção do mapa Uso e Cobertura da terra realizou-se a classificação semi-supervisionada, utilizando o software ArcMap 10.1 com 7 classes de mapeamento. As classes obtidas foram: Área de Pecuária extensiva/ Caatinga Fortemente degradada (Ape); Caatinga moderadamente degradada associada a pecuária e silvicultura (Cmdps); Caatinga levemente degradada associada a pecuária e silvicultura (Cldps); Caatinga moderadamente conservada/em estado de Pousio(Cmcp); Mata ciliar fortemente degradada associada a agricultura e pecuária (Mcdp); Mata Ciliar moderadamente conservada associda a agricultura (Mcmca) e Área de Mineração de granito (Min). O mapeamento comprovou que 71,46% da área do município apresenta algum grau de degradação. Diante disso pode-se concluir que o tipo do uso do solo tem contribuído para degradação dos recursos naturais.
A B S T R A C T
This paper aims to identify if pressure from the use and economic exploitation of natural resources has contributed to caatinga biome degradation in the municipality of Santa Quitéria-CE. The methodology was used of history analyzing of land use, with data from the historical series (1984-2014) of : Municipal Agricultural Production, Plant Extraction and Silviculture and Livestock, as well as data on Land Structure and Settlements and Mineral Exploration. We used visual interpretation of images from the CEBERS 4 satellite, Drones photographs and Geographic Information System (GIS), also field research to subsidize the mapping execution. In order to obtain the Vegetation coverage and land use map, was used semi-supervised classification performed ArcMap 10.1 software with 7 mapping classes.The mapping classes were: Extensive Livestock farming / Caatinga tightly degraded (Elf); Caatinga partially degraded associated from livestock and forestry (Cpdlf); Caatinga slightly degraded associated from livestock and forestry (Csdlf); Caatinga partially conserved on fallow period (Cpcfp); Riparian Vegetation tightly degraded associated from Agriculture and livestock.(Rvdl); Riparian Vegetation partially conserved associated from Agriculture (Rvpca) and Mining area(granite) (Min).The mapping showed that 71.46% of the municipality area presents some level of degradation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the type of land use has contributed to the degradation of natural resources.
Keywords: Land Use, Environmental Degradation, Vegetation cover, GIS
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Copyright (c) 2017 ANDERSON Tavares Vieira, Mariana Fernandes de Magalhães, Marcus Vinícius Chagas da Silva

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