Um novo olhar para classificação de incursão de ar frio sobre a América do Sul
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v17.5.p3169-3184Keywords:
Incursão de ar frio, magnitude do gradiente de umidade, convecção, inibição convectiva.Abstract
Three cases of cold air incursions in South America were studied in January 2011 (two events) and April 2014 (one event), aiming to investigate the thermodynamic conditions for precipitation through the vertical behavior of the atmosphere with emphasis on humidity, CAPE and CIN. The three incursions are formed by high transients. The rains related to the January 2011 incursions occurred in regions where convective inhibition is considerable up to 800hPa and the mechanism that makes this possible is convergence that promotes air rise, as in the April 2014 incursion. Development advanced northward, and the separation of its cloudiness made it possible to compare how portions behaved at different latitudes. In all three cases, the main observation was the difference in the behavior of humidity and temperature gradients. The temperature gradient already weakens and the humidity gradient intensifies as it reaches approximately 30°. It is concluded that the cold air incursions are fronts in humidity and CAPE. This is because it was observed that there is a distinction between tropical masses. This is because it was observed that there is a distinction between tropical/subtropical and extratropical air masses based on CAPE values in the vertical and horizontal field, which follows the disposition of humidity. CAPE has an intense presence from 800 hPa in the subtropical portion and is minimal throughout the troposphere in the extratropical air mass, highlighting that only stratiform rain is possible in the extratropics, while in the subtropics there is the possibility of triggering convective rain.
Downloads
References
Andrelina, B., Reboita, M. S., Capucin, B. C., Mattos, E. V., da Costa, L. H., Enoré, D. P., & Biscaro, T. S. (2022). Características do evento convectivo ocorrido em Santa Rita do Sapucaí-MG em outubro de 2019. Ciência e Natura, 44, e46-e46. DOI: 10.5902/2179460X65529
Alves, L. Q., da Silva, A. B., Putti, F. F., & Góes, B. C. (2024). Danos na cultura do café causado pelas geadas ocorridas no ano de 2021 nos municípios de Alfenas e Poços de Caldas, Brasil. Peer Review, 6(9), 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53660/PRW-2117-3911
Antonucci, B., Barbino, G. C., de Andrade, N. L. R., & Webler, A. D. (2023). Efeito de um evento de friagem no cenário de mudança no uso e cobertura da terra no Sudoeste da Amazônia. Revista Brasileira de Climatologia, 33, 149-168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55761/abclima.v33i19.16675.
Arraut, J. M., & Barbosa, H. M. J. (2009). Large scale features associated with strong frontogenesis in equivalent potential temperature in the South American subtropics east of the Andes. Advances in Geosciences, 22, 73-78. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.5194/adgeo-22-73-2009
Bjerknes, J. (1919). On the structure of moving cyclones. Monthly Weather Review, 95-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1919)47<95:OTSOMC>2.0.CO;2
Blanchard, D. O. (1998) Assessing the vertical distribution of Caonvective available potential energy. Weather and Forecasting, 13, 870-877. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(1998)013<0870:ATVDOC>2.0.CO;2
Bluestein, H. B. (1992). Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes. New York: Oxford University Press.
Bolton, D. (1980). The Computation of Equivalent Potential Temperature. Monthly Weather Review, 108, 1046-1053.
do Carmo, E. L. I., Reboita, M. S., & Marques, R. (2023). Evolução Temporal das Variáveis Atmosféricas associadas a Casos de Frentes Frias Fortes em Cuiabá, MT, entre 1996 e 2015. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física, 16(1), 145-154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v16.1.p145-154
Capucin, B. C., Reboita, M. S., Lucyrio, V., & Escobar, G. C. J. (2022). Onda de Frio Histórica no Brasil: um Estudo de Caso de Junho de 1985. Anuário do Instituto de Geociências, 45, 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2022_45_40761.
Cavalcanti, I.F.A., & Kousky V. E., (2003). Climatology of South American cold fronts. VII International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography, Wellingthon New Zealand.
Escobar, G. C. J., Reboita, M. S., & Souza, A., (2019). Climatology of surface baroclinic zones in the coast of Brazil. Atmósfera, 32(2), 129-141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20937/ATM.2019.32.02.04.
Emanuel, K. (2023). On the Physics of High CAPE. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 80(11), 2669-2683. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-23-0060.1
Ferreira, Nelson Jesuz; de Albuquerque Cavalcanti, Iracema Fonseca. (2022) Sistemas meteorológicos atuantes no Brasil. Oficina de Textos.
Fortune, M. A., & Kousky, V. (1983). Two Severe Freezes in Brazil: Precursors and Synoptic Evolution. Monthly Weather Review, v. 111, 181-196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1983)111<0181:TSFIBP>2.0.CO;2
Garreaud, R. D., & Wallace, J. M. (1998). Summertime Incursions of Midlatitude Air into Subtropical and Tropical. Monthly Weather Review, v. 126, 2713-2733. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<2713:SIOMAI>2.0.CO;2
Garreaud, R. D. (2000). Cold Air Incursions over Subtropical South America: Mean Structure and Dynamics. Monthly Weather Review, v. 128, 2544-2559. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<2544:CAIOSS>2.0.CO;2
Gan, M. A., & Rao, V. B. (1994). The Influence of the Andes Cordillera on Transient Disturbances. Monthly Weather Review, 122(6), 1141-1157. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<1141:TIOTAC>2.0.CO;2
Kousky, V. E. (1979). Frontal influences on northeast Brazil. Monthly Weather Review, v. 107, 1142–1153. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1979)107<1140:FIONB>2.0.CO;2
Lanfredi, I. S., & e de Camargo, R.. (2018). Classification of Extreme Cold Incursions over South America. Weather and Forecasting, 33(5) 1183- 1203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-17-
1.
Lupo, A. R., Nocera, J. J., Bosart, L. F., Hoffman,
E. G., & Knight, D. J. (2001). South American Cold Surges: Types, Composites, and Case Studies. Monthly Weather Review, 129(5), 1021-1041. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<1021:SACSTC>2. 0.CO;2. Acesso em: 18 de dezembro de 2023.
Mattos, L. F. (2003). Frontogênese na América do Sul e precursores de friagem no estado de São Paulo. 2003. 213 p. Tese Doutorado em Meteorologia) – Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), São José dos Campos, 2003.
Marengo, J., Cornejo, A., Satyamurty, P., Nobre, C., & Sea, W. (1997b). Cold Surges in Tropical and Extratropical South America: The Strong Event in June 1994. Monthly Weather Review, v. 125, 2759-2786. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<2759:CSITAE>2.0.CO;2
Marengo, J. A., & Nobre, C.A. (1997a). Climatic impacts of “friagens”in forested and deforested areas of the Amazon Basin. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, n. 73, 223-242. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-7786331014
Modernel, L. G. (2024). Desastres climatológicos e meteorológicos: análise dos casos do Rio Grande do Sul ente 2020 e 2022.
Ninomiya, B. K. (1984). Characteristics of Baiu Front as a Predominant Subtropical Front in the Summer Northern Hemisphere. Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan, v. 62, 880- 893. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.62.6_880
Nogueira, N. C. O., Machado, P. H. G., & Reboita, M. S. (2024). Estudo Climatológico das Frentes Frias atuantes no Sul do Rio Grande do Sul e no Sul de Minas Gerais entre 2009 e 2021. Revista Brasileira de Climatologia, 34, 306-334. DOI: 10.55761/abclima.v34i20.16664
Oliveira, R. D. (2023). Sistema de detecção de frentes frias associadas a eventos meteorológicos de médio e alto impacto no centro sul da América do Sul (Doctoral dissertation).
Parmenter, F. C. (1976). A southern hemisphere cold front passage at the equator. Bulletin of the American Met. Soc., v. 57, n. 12, p. 1435–1440. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0477(1976)057<1435:ASHCFP>2.0.CO;2
Reis, J. S. D., Gonçalves, W. A., Souza, D. O. D., & Mendes, D. (2022). Evaluation of Atmospheric Features in Natural Disasters due Frontal Systems over Southern Brazil. Atmosphere, 13(11), 1886. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13111886
Riemann-campe, K. (2011). Can convective precipitation variability be deduced from the variability in CAPE and CIN? An analysis of global CAPE and CIN variability in present and future climates. Tese de Doutorado. University of Hamburg Hamburg. DOI: doi: 10.17617/2.1412642
da Rocha, R. P., Reboita, M. S., & Crespo, N. M. (2024). Análise do evento extremo de precipitação ocorrido no Rio Grande do Sul entre abril e maio de 2024. Journal Health NPEPS, 9(1). DOI: Journal Health NPEPS. 2024 jan-jun; 9(1):e12603. ISSN 2526-1010 http://dx.doi.org/10.30681/2526101012603
da Rocha Bartolomei, F., Ribeiro, J. G. M., & Reboita, M. S. (2023). Eventos Extremos de Precipitação no Sudeste do Brasil: Verão 2021/2022. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física, 16(05), 2658-2676. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v16.5.p2658-2676
Salio, P., Nicolini, M., & Saulo, A. C. (2002). Chaco low-level jet events characterization during the austral summer season. Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 107, 1-17. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001315.
Sanders, F. (2005). Real Front or Baroclinic Trough?. Weather and Forecasting, FORECASTERS’ FORUM. American
Meteorological Society, v. 20, 647-651.
Sanders, F., & Hoffman, E. G. (2002). A Climatolog of Surface Baroclinic Zones. Weather and Forecasting. Weather and Forecasting, 17(4), 774-782. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(2002)017<0774:ACOSBZ>2.0.CO;2
Sanders, F., & Doswell, C. A. III. (1995). A case . for deteiled surface analysis. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 76, No.
505-522. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1995)076<0505:ACFDSA>2.0.CO;2
Sanders, F. & Kessler, E. (1999). Frontal Analysis in the Light of Abrupt Temperature Changes in a Shallow Valley. Monthly weather review, Vol.
1125-1133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<1125:FAITLO>2.0.CO;2
Satyamurty, P., & Mattos, L. F. (1989). Climatological lower troposheric frontogenesis in the midlatitudes due to horizontal deformation and divergence. Monthly Weather Review, v. 117, p. 1355-1989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<1355:CLTFIT>2.0.CO;2
Segura, C. S., & da Rocha, R. P. (2024). Tendências e variabilidade climática de frentes frias e precipitação na região metropolitana de São Paulo. Revista Brasileira de Climatologia, 34, 159-179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<1355:CLTFIT>2.0.CO;2
Seluchi, M. E., & Garreaud, R. D. (2012). Campos médios e processos físicos associados ao ciclo de vida da Baixa do Chaco. Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, v.27, n.4, 447 – 462.
Seluchi, M. E., Beu, C; & Andrade, K. E. (2017). Características das Frentes Frias Causadoras de Chuvas Intensas no Leste de Santa Catarina. Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, v. 32, n. 1, 25-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-778632120150095
Siqueira, J. R., & Toledo Machado, L. A. (2004). Influence of the Frontal Systems on the Day-to- Day Convection Variability over South America. Journal of Climate, 17(9), 1754-1766. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<1754:IOTFSO>2.0.CO;2.
Silva Dias, M. A. F. (2000). Índices de instabilidade para previsão de chuva e tempestades severas. Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas. IAG. USP.
Simões Reboita, Michelle; Machado CRESPO, Natália; Gozzo, Luiz Felippe. (2023). Uma introdução à análise de massas de ar, frentes e ciclones extratropicais na América do Sul. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física, v. 16, n. 6. DOI: 10.26848/rbgf.v16.6.p3263-3282
Taljaard, J. J. (1972). Topics: synoptic meteorology of the Southern Hemisphere. Meteor. Monographs, v. 13, n. 35, 129-213 DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00250
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Julia Amanda Nanini, Josefina Moraes Arraut, Enio Pereira de Souza, José Ivaldo Brito, Enilson Pereira Cavalcanti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted to make their work available online before or during the editorial process, on academic social networks, digital repositories, or preprint servers. After publication in Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física, authors are expected to update the preprint or postprint versions on the platforms where they were originally made available, providing a link to the final published version and any other relevant information, with proper recognition of authorship and the initial publication in this journal.
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
