Qualidade da Água, Carga Orgânica e de Nutrientes na Foz do Córrego da Cascata: Contribuição da Sub-Bacia para a Represa de Barra Bonita, Rio Tietê (SP) (Water Quality, Organic Loading and Nutrient Loading in the Mouth of Cascata Brook: The Subbasin...)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v9.1.p305-318Keywords:
Eutrofização, carbono orgânico total, fósforo total, nitrogênio totalAbstract
O estudo das cargas orgânica e de nutrientes de uma sub-bacia hidrográfica é importante para quantificar o fluxo de energia ao longo de um rio até que chegue a um reservatório ou uma barragem. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a carga orgânica (CO) e as cargas de nitrogênio (CN) e fósforo (CP) na foz da sub-bacia do córrego da Cascata e avaliar a qualidade da água e sua contribuição na eutrofização do reservatório de Barra Bonita (rio Tietê, SP). Foram coletadas mensalmente (de maio/2011 a junho/2012) amostras de água e medidas de vazão (V) na foz do córrego da Cascata, junto ao córrego Água Fria. Foram determinados o pH e as concentrações de carbono orgânico total (COT), nitrogênio total (NT), fósforo total (PT), oxigênio dissolvido (OD); a demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO5,20); a condutividade elétrica (CE); o cloreto (Cl). Foram realizadas análises microbiológica (coliformes termotolerantes (CT)) e estatística descritiva. Avaliou-se a influência do índice pluviométrico (IP) na vazão e nas cargas dos parâmetros analisados. A V média mensal na foz do córrego da Cascata foi de 81,5 L.s-1; a CO foi 1,35 g.s-1 ou 3,6 g.s-1 em OD; a CN, 0,21 g.s-1 e a CP, 0,007 g.s-1. A CE esteve acima do normal (100 uS/cm) em duas coletas, e a CT atingiu 1,1x105 NMP em uma amostragem. As sub-bacias contribuem para a eutrofização, e seu controle evita aumento de nutrientes em suas águas. O córrego da Cascata possui boa qualidade de água, e eventuais lançamentos de resíduos são facilmente assimilados e passíveis de controle.
A B S T R A C T
The study of organic and nutrient loading of a subbasin is important to quantify the flow of energy along a river until it reaches a reservoir or dam. The goal of this study was to estimate the organic loading (OL) and the nitrogen (NL) and phosphorus (PL) loadings in the mouth of the subbasin of Cascata brook and assess the water quality and its contribution to the eutrophication of Barra Bonita Reservoir (Tietê River, São Paulo-Brazil). Water samples and flow measurements (F) were collected every month (from May/2011 to June/2012) at the mouth of Cascata brook. It were analyzed: the pH and total organic carbon concentration (TOC); the total nitrogen (TN); the total phosphorus (TP); the dissolved oxygen (DO); the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5,20); the electrical conductivity (EC); and the chloride (Cl). Microbiological analysis (thermotolerant coliforms (TC)) and descriptive statistics were performed. The influence of the precipitation index (PI) over the flow and over the parameters loads was analyzed. The average monthly V at the mouth of Cascata brook was 81,5 L.s-1; the OL was 1,35 g.s-1 or 3,6 g.s-1 in DO; the NL, 0,21 g.s-1 and the PL 0,007 g.s-1. The EC was above the standards (100 µS.cm-1) in two samples, and the TC reached 1,1.x.105 MPN in one of the samples. The subbasins contribute to the eutrophication and maintaining them prevents the increase of nutrients in their waters. The Cascata brook has good water quality, and any waste releases are easily assimilated and can be controlled.
Keywords: Eutrophication, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus.
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Copyright (c) 2016 Ivalde Belluta, Sílvio Alexandre Jesus, Márcio Piedade Vieira, Nelita Maria Corrêa, Vera Lúcia Mores Rall, José Pedro Serra Valente

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