Características fisiológicas, produção total de raízes e de parte aérea em acessos de Manihot esculenta em condições de déficit hídrico (Physiological characteristics, total root and shoot production in accessions of Manihot esculenta under water ...)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v8.0.p685-696Keywords:
mandioca, deficit hídrico, produtividadeAbstract
Na região Nordeste a cultura da mandioca destaca-se como alternativa de uso agronômico e de subsistência para a maioria dos agricultores rurais familiares. No entanto pesquisas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de cultivares recomendáveis para sistemas produtivos dependentes de chuva são escassas. Genótipos mais produtivos em termos de raízes e parte aérea sob condição de seca podem ser indicados para programas de melhoramento voltados para obtenção de materiais para alimentação humana e animal. Neste estudo, objetivou-se a identificação, em campo, de acessos com maior capacidade de produção total de raízes e de parte aérea nas condições irrigada e de déficit hídrico em 49 acessos de mandioca, e identificar quais variáveis fisiológicas estão relacionadas à maior produção. A produtividade total de raízes (PTR, t/ha), foi calculada pela soma de raízes comerciais e não comerciais, e a produtividade de parte aérea (PPA, t/ha) pela massa total de ramos e folhas, da parcela como um todo. Foram determinadas as variáveis progressão do diâmetro de caule, de diâmetro da copa, de altura da planta, da taxa relativa de expansão foliar, do índice de área foliar, do conteúdo relativo de clorofila total e da eficiência fotoquímica dos fotossistemas II. O acesso Formosa foi o mais produtivo em termos PTR tanto na condição de irrigação quanto de deficiência hídrica, enquanto BGM541 foi superior quanto à PPA em ambas condições. Considerando a soma de PTR e PPA, o acesso Formosa se manteve como o mais produtivo. As variáveis fisiológicas avaliadas apresentaram baixa correlação com PTR e PPA.
ABSTRACT
In the Northeastern region of Brazil, cassava plants stand out as an alternative to agronomical use and livelihood for most rural family farmers. Research related to the development of recommended cultivars for rain-dependent production systems are scarce. This study aimed to identify accessions with a higher total root and shoot production capacity in irrigated and water stress field conditions between 49 cassava accessions, and identify which physiological variables are related to higher production. Total Root Production (TRP, t/ha) was calculated as the sum of fresh commercial and non-commercial roots of each plot, and Shoot Production (SP, t/ha) as the sum of fresh stems and leaves. They were determined the progression of the variables crown and stem diameters, plant height, relative rate of leaf expansion, relative content of total chlorophyll, potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II, and leaf area index. The Formosa accession was the most productive in terms of TRP in the two conditions, while BGM541 accession was most productive in SP. Considering the sum of TRP and SP, the accession Formosa remained as the most productive. The physiological parameters showed low correlation with TRP and SP.
Key-words: Cassava, water deficit, productivity
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Copyright (c) 2015 Saulo de Tarso Aidar, Carolina Vianna Morgante, Agnaldo Rodrigues de Melo Chaves, Benjamim Pereira Costa Neto, Alison Borges Vitor, Dannielle Roseanne Pereira Santos Martins, Robson da Silva, Jailson Lopes Cruz, Eder Jorge Oliveira

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