Inclusion in geosciences: the construction of tactile materials for teaching volcanology to people with visual impairment

Abstract

Inclusive education is a fundamental and highly important theme in current educational discussions. However, this democratic approach to education becomes even more challenging in areas such as geosciences, especially volcanology, due to its strong reliance on visual elements. Furthermore, the use of complex concepts to explain the natural processes of our planet and the scarcity or even absence of teaching materials and tools make the learning process in geosciences even more challenging, hindering access to content for visually impaired students. In this context, given the lack of teaching resources for the inclusion of visually impaired students, this work presents a significant contribution by developing inclusive materials for teaching volcanology through the extension project "Vulcões e Viagens". The creation of tactile materials allows visually impaired students to understand and assimilate geological formations through other senses, such as touch. Furthermore, the use of Braille and enlarged texts aids in understanding the presented structures and what texture represents in the model, complemented by explanations from extension workers. Thus, tactile models were created using basic stationery items, addressing essential concepts in volcanology such as: models of the globe showing the Earth's internal structure, models of tectonic plates, volcanic morphology, explosive and effusive volcanoes, internal volcanic formation, and the subduction process. In addition, familiarization with inclusive teaching materials was promoted for sighted individuals, aiming to encourage more accessible education and disseminate inclusive knowledge. This type of approach develops an inclusive learning environment, enabling the full participation of all, whether visually impaired or not, helping to overcome barriers and demystify the limitations imposed on visually impaired people within the geosciences.