Os Substratos Geológicos e os Coeficientes Morfométricos em Bacias Hidrográficas do Carste Dolomítico no Estado do Paraná (The Geological Substrates and Morphometric Coefficients in Dolomitic Karst in State of Paraná)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v3i3.232662Keywords:
bacias hidrográficas, drenagem, escoamento superficialAbstract
Os estudos de morfometria de bacias hidrográficas e da rede de drenagem têm contribuído para a compreensão da evolução da paisagem. Nos trópicos e subtrópicos, a ação das precipitações exerce uma função dominante na evolução dos canais de drenagem e as estruturas geológicas modulam a forma e a densidade da rede hidrográfica. O presente trabalho visa estabelecer algumas relações entre índices morfométricos de bacias hidrográficas e a litologia das bacias. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na bacia superior da rede hidrográfica do Rio Ribeira de Iguape. A área foi subdividida 10 sub-bacias e nelas foram obtidos os seguintes parâmetros morfométricos: densidade de drenagem (Dd), sinuosidade do rio principal (Sin), coeficiente de compacidade (Kc), amplitude altimétrica (AA), fator de forma (Kf), relação de relevo (Rr), densidade hidrográfica (Dh), índice de circularidade (IC). Os índices morfométricos foram submetidos à análise de agrupamento (cluster Ward’s method) para agrupar as bacias com morfometrias semelhantes. Concluiu-se, a partir do resultado da análise de cluster, que os grupos formados apresentaram boa correlação com o substrato geológico. Para resultados mais conclusivos, outros estudos nesta área devem ser feitos com um maior número de bacias contendo outros arranjos litológicos e com novos índices sendo incorporados na análise.
Palavras chave: morfometria, substrato geológico, análise multivariada, hidrologia
The Geological Substrates and Morphometric Coefficients in Dolomitic Karst in State of Paraná
ABSTRACT
Morphometric studies of watersheds and drainage network have contributed to understand landscape evolution. In the tropics and subtropics, where precipitation represents a major force in modeling slopes and drainage channels, the geologic structure affects the formation of the drainage network. The major aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between watersheds morphometric indices and lithology. The study was conducted in the upper basin of the coastal Ribeira Valley river system, in Paraná State, Brazil. The area was subdivided into 10 sub-basins and over them we did estimated the following morphometric parameters: drainage density (Dd), sinuosity of the main stream (Sin), the compactness coefficient (Kc) altimetric amplitude (AA), shape factor (Kf), relief ratio (Rr), hydrographic density (Dh), circularity index (CI). The cluster analysis (Ward’s method) was applied to the indices in order to group basins with similar morphometry. We conclude that the hierarchical groups formed by cluster analysis show a good correlation with geological substratum. For more conclusive results, others similar thematic studies should be done with a larger number of catchments, working with different lithologies and by testing other mophometric indices.
Keywords: morphometry, geological substrate, multivariate analysis, hidrology
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