Susceptibilidade à Erosão Relacionada ao Escoamento Superficial na Sub-Bacia do Alto Mundaú, Ceará, Brasil (Susceptibility to Erosion Related to Surface Runoff in the Sub-Basin of the Upper Course of the Mundaú, Ceará, Brazil)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v9.1.p125-143Keywords:
Morfometria, Escoamento superficial, Álgebra de mapas.Abstract
As propriedades morfométricas, climáticas e biológicas de uma bacia hidrográfica são fatores determinantes de seus processos morfogenéticos relacionados ao trabalho fluvial, como a erosão, o transporte e a deposição de sedimentos. Nessa perspectiva o escoamento superficial e suas modalidades constituem um dos principais agentes erosivos em bacias hidrográficas semiáridas. A erosão dos solos apesar de ter causas naturais como a morfometria do relevo, os aspectos físicos do solo e a intensidade e duração da precipitação, pode ainda ser intensificada pela ação antrópica através do uso do solo como recurso natural. No entanto, a elaboração de modelos capazes de simular esses fenômenos em bacias hidrográficas continua sendo um desafio. Os avanços na cartografia digital trouxeram uma nova perspectiva na criação de modelos geográficos assim como na sua representação através de mapas. No presente artigo propõe-se um modelo de representação espacial da susceptibilidade à erosão da Sub-bacia do Alto Mundaú, comparando seus resultados com variáveis morfométricas pertinentes às propriedades erosivas e ao escoamento superficial. A Sub-bacia hidrográfica do Alto Mundaú localiza-se à noroeste do estado do Ceará, a barlavento do maciço de Uruburetama pertencente ao município de mesmo nome. Com auxílio de ferramentas de geoprocessamento, foi possível a extração dos parâmetros morfométricos da sub-bacia. A criação do modelo de susceptibilidade à erosão obedeceu à técnica de sobreposição de camadas (layers) conhecida como álgebra de mapas, onde foram combinadas camadas matriciais com informações de declividade, intensidade pluviométrica, uso e cobertura do solo e tipos hidrológicos de solo.
A B S T R A C T
Morphometric, climatic and biological properties of a watershed are determining factors of their morphogenetic processes related to fluvial process, such as erosion, transport and deposition of sediments. From this perspective, surface runoff and its modalities are a major erosive agents in semi-arid watersheds. Despite natural causes such as morphometry relief, the physical aspects of soil and the intensity and duration of rainfall, Soil erosion can still be intensified by human action through the use of soil as a natural resource. However, the development of models able to simulate these phenomena in watershed remains a challenge. Advances in digital cartography brought a new perspective on creating geographic models as well as its representation through of the maps. In the present paper we propose a spatial representation model of susceptibility to erosion of the Sub-basin of the upper reaches Mundaú by comparing their results with morphometric variables relevant to the erosive properties and surface runoff. The Sub-basin of the Upper reaches Mundaú is located at the northwest of the state of Ceará, in the massive of the Uruburetama windward belonging to the municipality of the same name. With the help of geoprocessing tools, the extraction of morphometric parameters of the sub-basin was possible. The creation of the susceptibility to erosion model obeyed layers overlay technique known as map algebra, which were combined with matrix layers slope information, rainfall intensity, land use and land cover and hydrological soil types.
Keywords: Morphometry; Surface Runoff; Map algebra.
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Copyright (c) 2016 Augusto César Praciano Sampaio, Abner Monteiro Nunes Cordeiro, Frederico de Holanda Bastos

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