Espacialização das classes solos a partir da utilização de atributos geomorfométricos na Bacia do Paraná 3, Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.7.p4126-4147Keywords:
Mapeamento de solos, Geomorfometria, Solo-relevoAbstract
O emprego de atributos geomorfométricos para a espacialização das classes de solos, associado aos pressupostos da relação solo-relevo, tornou-se uma das bases para a obtenção das Unidades de Mapeamento (UM) dos solos. Essa abordagem norteou o objetivo deste trabalho que foi verificar a possibilidade de espacializar as classes de solos a partir de atributos geomorfométricos na Bacia do Paraná 3 (BP3), região Oeste do estado do Paraná. Os procedimentos incluíram a obtenção de atributos topográficos de Declividade (D), Sediment Transport Index (STI), Terrain Wetness Index (TWI), Multiresolution Index of Valley Bottom Flatness (MRVBF), Multiresolution Ridge Top Flatness Index (MRRTF) e Índice de Posição Relativa (IPR), utilizando Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG). As operações de manipulação dos campos geográficos (variáveis geomorfométricas) permitiram a obtenção de cinco UM de solos. A Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) retratou a correlação entre as unidades mapeadas e cada variável empregada. O mapa de solos gerado foi comparado com os mapas oficiais disponíveis, obtendo-se avanço no detalhamento da escala de mapeamento dos solos e aprimoramento dos limites das UM. As UM foram aferidas e validadas com a verificação de 170 pontos amostrais em campo. São elas: LATOSSOLO VERMELHO; NITOSSOLO VERMELHO; NEOSSOLO REGOLÍTICO + NEOSSOLO LITÓLICO + CAMBISSOLO HÁPLICO; GLEISSOLO HÁPLICO + CAMBISSOLO FLÚVICO e CAMBISSOLO HÁPLICO + NEOSSOLO REGOLÍTICO + GLEISSOLO HÁPLICO. Os resultados da validação (Exatidão global – 0,80) demonstraram a eficiência dos procedimentos adotados para a espacialização das UM de solos na escala adotada, com abrangência regional.
Palavras-chave: mapeamento de solos; geomorfometria; solo-relevo.
Spatial distribution of soil classes based on the use of geomorphometric attributes in Paraná Basin 3, Brazil
A B S T R A C T
The use of geomorphometric attributes for the spatial distribution of soil classes, associated with suppositions on the soil-relief relationship, has become a basis to obtain soil Map Units (MU). This approach guided the aim of this study, which was to verify the possibility of soil class spatialization based on geomorphometric attributes in Paraná Basin 3 (BP3), in the western region of the state of Paraná. The procedures include obtaining topographical attributes of Declivity (D), Sediment Transport Index (STI), Terrain Wetness Index (TWI), Multiresolution Index of Valley Bottom Flatness (MRVBF), Multiresolution Ridge Top Flatness Index (MRRTF) and Relative Slope Position, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Manipulation of the geographic fields (geomorphometric variables) enabled attainment of five soil MU. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) portrayed the correlation between the mapped units and each variable. The generated soil map was compared with the available official maps, to improve the detail of the scale of soil mapping and enhance the MU limits. The MU were measured and validated with the verification of 170 sample points in the field. They are: Rhodic Ferrasols + Eutric Nitosols, Regosols + Leptsols + Eutric Cambisols, Eutric Gleysols + Eutric Cambisols and Eutric Cambisols + Regosols + Eutric Gleysols. The validation results (Global accuracy – 0.80) demonstrated the efficiency of the procedures adopted for the spatial distribution of the soil MU at the adopted scale, with regional coverage.
Keywords: soil mapping; geomorphometry; soil-geomorphology.
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