Predição da incidência de Zika a partir de determinantes ambientais e métodos de aprendizado de máquina: uma revisão
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v17.5.p3809-3826Keywords:
arboviroses, Machine Learning, modelagem, revisão sistemáticaAbstract
O aumento na atividade epidêmica global, relacionado às arboviroses, resultou na necessidade de obtenção de ferramentas para monitoramento dessas doenças. No Brasil, os casos de Zika no biênio 2015-2016 apresentaram grande desigualdade na distribuição entre as regiões do país e acredita-se que a existência de condições díspares entre essas seja um ponto de partida para o entendimento dessa questão. A realização de análises nesse sentido requer a utilização de metodologias robustas, capazes de identificar as relações complexas e não-lineares existentes entre determinantes ambientais e a incidência de arboviroses. Assim, nesse estudo teve-se como intuito realizar uma revisão bibliográfica acerca da incidência de arboviroses no Brasil e das possibilidades de utilização de aprendizado de máquina na predição de tais doenças. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise documental e revisão sistemática da literatura científica associada ao tema. Os resultados demonstram ser presumível que haja uma relação entre a incidência de Zika e determinantes sanitárias, climáticas e socioeconômicas. Acredita-se que os algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina abordados podem ser utilizados como ferramentas capazes de realizar predições da incidência de Zika, mesmo que se trate de um fenômeno complexo e que demande a avaliação simultânea de múltiplas variáveis.
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