Rendimento de grãos e eficiência do uso de água no cultivo de milho geneticamente modificado no município de Teresina - PI, Brasil, em condições climáticas contrastantes (Grain yield and water use efficiency of genetically modified corn in Piauí, Brazil)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v8.0.p697-704Keywords:
Tolerância ao calor, época de semeadura, Zea mays (L.).Abstract
A adaptação climática de qualquer espécie vegetal tem estreita relação com seu padrão fenológico, influenciando na sua distribuição geográfica e sua flutuação nos ecossistemas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de 33 híbridos (26 híbridos simples, 6 híbridos triplos e um híbrido duplo) geneticamente modificados de milho em situações climáticas contrastantes - épocas de semeadura (ES), sob irrigação. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com duas repetições. Os experimentos foram semeados em área da Embrapa Meio-Norte, município de Teresina, PI, em julho e setembro/2013. A temperatura máxima média no período do pendoamento ao espigamento na primeira época foi de 36,7 oC e na segunda época de 38,8 oC, contribuindo para uma redução na eficiência de uso da água (EUA) e dos componentes de rendimentos, números de espigas por área e do peso de espiga na ES de setembro. O rendimento de grãos e a EUA da ES de junho (9.876 kg ha-1; 17,3 kg ha-1 mm-1) foi superior em 25,1 % e 42,27 %, respectivamente, em relação a ES de setembro (7.900 kg ha-1; 11,97 kg ha-1 mm-1). Os híbridos AG 8041 PRO, 3646 HX, RB 9221 PRO, P 4225 H, 30 F 53 YH apresentam tolerância a altas temperaturas e usam melhor a água para a produção de grãos. The climate adaptation of any plant species is closely related to its phenology, influencing on its geographical distribution and its fluctuation in ecosystems. The objective this work was to evaluate the performance of 33 hybrids (26 single hybrids, six triples hybrids and one double hybrid) genetically modified corn in contrasting climatic conditions (two sowing dates) under irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with two replications. The experiments were sown in the Embrapa Mid-North, Teresina, Piauí State, in July and September / 2013. The average maximum temperature from bolting to heading during the first season was 36.7 °C and in second one was 38.8 oC, reducing the water use efficiency (WUE) and yield components, ear number per area and ear weight in september sowing. The grain yield and WUE of sowing June (9,876 kg ha-1, 17.3 kg ha-1 mm-1) was higher 25.1% and 42.27%, respectively, compared to sowing September (7,900 kg ha-1, 11.97 kg ha-1 mm-1). AG 8041 PRO, P 3646 HX, RB 9221 PRO, P 4225 H, 30 F 53 YH hybrids present tolerant to high temperatures and more efficient water use. Keywords: Heat tolerant, sowing date, Zea mays (L.).Downloads
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Copyright (c) 2015 Milton José Cardoso, Hélio Wilson Lemos de Carvalho, Edson Alves Bastos, Cleso Antonio Patto Pacheco, Leonardo Melo Pereira da Rocha
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