Determinação da evapotranspiração real diária em diferentes usos e ocupação do solo (Determination of real evapotranspiration everyday in different uses and land occupation)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-2295.20160104Keywords:
Landsat 5, Sensoriamento Remoto, Fluxos de energiaAbstract
O emprego de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto tem adquirido grande importância em estudos relacionados ao monitoramento dos recursos naturais, propiciando suporte para um gerenciamento mais sustentável dos recursos hídricos. Baseado nessa premissa, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os diferentes componentes do balanço de energia e evapotranspiração, associados aos diferentes usos e ocupações do solo na microbacia Dois Córregos – Selvíria – MS, por meio do algoritmo SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land), utilizando imagens do satélite Landsat 5 – TM adquiridas ao final do período seco e chuvoso da bacia. Os fragmentos de mata apresentam, em relação às áreas com menos cobertura vegetal, menor Índice de Vegetação da Diferença Normalizada (NDVI), maior evapotranspiração e menor valor do Fluxo de Calor Sensível (H), o que promove redução substancial na temperatura da superfície. As áreas com maior exposição do solo além de apresentarem menor evapotranspiração, possuem elevado fluxo de calor sensível, o que impacta a temperatura do ar localmente. A técnica empregada foi capaz de detectar as grandes alterações que ocorrem na evapotranspiração como resultado dos diferentes padrões de cobertura vegetação, que são minimizados na estação chuvosa e realçados na estação seca. Os padrões evapotranspirativos das áreas com maior NDVI são compatíveis com os valores da Evapotranspiração Real Diária ETr registrados nos dias selecionados para a pesquisa.
A B S T R A C T
The use of remote sensing techniques have acquired great importance in studies related to monitoring of natural resources, providing support for a more sustainable management of water resources. Based on this premise, this study aimed to evaluate the different components of energy balance and evapotranspiration associated with different uses and land occupations in the watershed Dois Córregos - Selvíria - MS through the SEBAL algorithm (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) using satellite images Landsat 5 - TM acquired at the end of the dry and rainy seasons of the basin. Forest fragments have in relation to areas with less vegetation cover (lower Difference Vegetation Index Normalized (NDVI), greater evapotranspiration and lower the heat flow sensitive (H), which promotes substantial reduction in surface temperature. The areas with the highest exposure of the soil as well as their lower evapotranspiration, have high sensible heat flux, which impacts the air temperature locally. The technique was able to detect the great changes taking place in evapotranspiration as a result of the different coverage patterns vegetation, which are minimized in the rainy season and highlighted the dry season. The evapotranspirativos patterns of areas with higher NDVI are compatible with the values of the Evapotranspiration Real Daily ETr recorded in the days selected for research
Keywords: Landsat 5, Remote Sensing, Energy flows.
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Copyright (c) 2016 Fabricio Lopes de Macedo, Hélio Ricardo Silva, Cristhy Willy da Silva Romero, Ricardo Antonio Ferreira Rodrigues, Artur Pantoja Marques
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