Nurses' feelings when accommodating an agitated and aggressive psychiatric patient
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963.2020.244485Keywords:
User Embracement, Psychomotor Agitation, Psychiatric Nursing, Mental Health, Nursing, Qualitative Research.Abstract
Objective: to understand how the nurse feels when welcoming the agitated and aggressive psychiatric patient in an emergency unit. Method: this is a qualitative, descriptive study, with 13 nurses who work daily in the reception room of an Emergency Unit, based on recorded interviews, transcribed and analyzed by the theoretical methodological framework of Social Phenomenology. Results: the nurses reported discomfort and concern about their safety and physical integrity when welcoming the agitated and aggressive psychiatric patient, understanding these presentations as obstacles, as well as their lack of personal preparation. It was highlighted that the place is unfavorable for welcoming, with an excess of environmental stimuli. Thus, their expectations are characterized by the need for a reserved and calm environment. Conclusion: it was shown, by understanding the nurses' feelings, that they do not feel comfortable in this action, which negatively impacts the way they act. It became possible to understand that techniques for handling and using therapeutic interpersonal relationships can be strategies to facilitate the approach of these patients in emergency units. Descriptors: User Embracement; Psychomotor Agitation; Psychiatric Nursing; Mental Health; Nursing; Qualitative Research.
Resumo
Objetivo: compreender como o enfermeiro se sente ao acolher o paciente psiquiátrico agitado e agressivo em uma unidade de emergência. Método: trata-se de estudo qualitativo, descritivo, com 13 enfermeiros que atuam diuturnamente na sala de acolhimento de uma Unidade de Emergência, a partir de entrevistas gravadas, transcritas e analisadas pelo referencial teórico metodológico da Fenomenologia Social. Resultados: relataram-se, pelos enfermeiros, desconforto e preocupação com sua segurança e integridade física ao acolher o paciente psiquiátrico agitado e agressivo, entendendo essas apresentações como obstáculos, assim como a sua falta de preparo pessoal. Destacou-se que o local é desfavorável para o acolhimento, com excesso de estímulos ambientais. Caracterizam-se, assim, as suas expectativas pela necessidade de ambiente reservado e calmo. Conclusão: mostrou-se, pela compreensão dos sentimentos dos enfermeiros, que não se sentem confortáveis nessa ação, o que impacta negativamente o modo como atuam. Tornou-se possível entender que técnicas de manejo e utilização do relacionamento interpessoal terapêutico podem ser estratégias para facilitar a abordagem desses pacientes em unidades de emergência. Descritores: Acolhimento; Agitação Psicomotora; Enfermagem Psiquiátrica; Saúde Mental; Enfermagem; Pesquisa Qualitativa.
Resumen
Objetivo: comprender cómo se siente el enfermero cuando recibe al paciente psiquiátrico agitado y agresivo en una unidad de emergencia. Método: es un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, con 13 enfermeros que trabajan diariamente en la sala de recepción de una Unidad de Emergencia, a partir de entrevistas grabadas, transcritas y analizadas por el marco metodológico teórico de la Fenomenología Social. Resultados: los enfermeros informaron incomodidad y preocupación por su seguridad e integridad física al dar la bienvenida al paciente psiquiátrico agitado y agresivo, entendiendo estas presentaciones como obstáculos, así como su falta de preparación personal. Se destacó que el lugar es desfavorable para acoger, con un exceso de estímulos ambientales. Por lo tanto, sus expectativas se caracterizan por la necesidad de un ambiente reservado y tranquilo. Conclusión: se demostró, al comprender los sentimientos de los enfermeros, que no se sienten cómodos en esta acción, lo que afecta negativamente su forma de actuar. Se ha hecho posible comprender que las técnicas para manejar y usar las relaciones terapéuticas interpersonales pueden ser estrategias para facilitar el abordaje de estos pacientes en unidades de emergencia. Descriptores: Acogimiento; Agitación Psicomotora; Enfermería Psiquiátrica; Salud Mental; Enfermería; Investigación Cualitativa.
References
Almeida CG, Moura MG, Barberato-Filho S, Del Fiol FS, Motta RHL, Bergamaschi CC. Rapid tranquilization for psychiatric patients with psychomotor agitation: what is known about it? Psychiatr Q. 2017 Dec; 88(4):885-95. DOI: 10.1007/s11126-017-9504-0
Garriga M, Pacchiarotti I, Kasper S, Zeller SL, Allen MH, Vázquez G, et al. Assessment and management of agitation in psychiatry: expert consensus. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2016; 17(2):86-128. DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1132007
Mantovani C, Migon MN, Alheira FV, Del-Bem CM. Managing agitated or aggressive patients. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2010 Oct; 32(2):96-103. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-44462010000600006.
Oliveira RF, Silva MA, Costa AC. Risk classification via the nurse: a review of literature. Rev Baiana Enferm [Internet]. 2012 Jan/Apr [cited 2018 Mar 2]; 26(1):409-22. Available from: https://portalseer.ufba.br/index.php/enfermagem/article/view/5464/5990
Clarke DE, Boyce-Gaudreau K, Sanderson A, Baker JA. ED triage decision-making with mental health presentations: a “think aloud” study. J Emerg Nurs. 2015 Nov; 41(6):496-502. DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2015.04.016
Versa GLGS, Vituri DW, Buriola AA, Oliveira CA, Matsuda LM. Assessment of user embracement with risk rating in emergency hospital services. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2014 Sept; 35(3):21-8. DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2014.03.45475
Mannocci A, Meggiolaro A, Feller E, La Torre G, Guzzo AS. Knowledge of emergency department triage nurses in management of patients with mental health needs: comparisons with the Triage Model of Lazio (TLM). Clin Ter. 2015; 166(3):121-30. DOI: 10.7417/CT.2015.1842
D’Ettorre G, Pellicani V. Workplace violence toward mental healthcare workers employed in psychiatric wards. Saf Health Work. 2017 Dec; 8(4):337-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2017.01.004
Martins AG. The notion of crisis in the mental health field: knowledge and practices in a center for psychosocial care. Mental [Internet]. 2017 Jan/June [cited 2019 Oct 05];11(20):226-42. Available from: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/mental/v11n20/v11n20a12.pdf
Baldaçara L, Ismael F, Leite V, Pereira LA, Santos RM, Gomes Júnior VP, et al. Brazilian guidelines for the management of psychomotor agitation. Part 1. Non-pharmacological approach. Braz J Psychiatry. 2019 Mar/Apr; 41(2): 153-67. DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0163
Schütz A. The phenomenology of the social world. Buenos Aires: Paidos; 1973.
Costa PCP, Garcia APRF, Toledo VP. Welcoming and nursing care: a phenomenological study. Texto contexto-enferm. 2016 Apr; 25(1):e4550015. DOI: 10.1590/0104-07072016004550014
Fusch PI, Ness LR. Are We There Yet? Data Saturation in Qualitative Research. Qual Report [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2018 Mar 01];20(9):1408-16. Available from: http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR20/9/fusch1.pdf
Martins J, Bicudo MAV. The qualitative research in psychology: fundamentals and basic resources. 5th ed. São Paulo: Centauro; 2005.
Morphet J, Griffiths D, Plummer V, Innes K, Fairhall R, Beattie J. At the crossroads of violence and aggression in the emergency department: perspectives of Australian emergency nurses. Aust Health Rev. 2014 May; 38(2):194-201. DOI: 10.1071/AH13189
Clarke D, Usick R, Sanderson A, Giles-Smith L, Baker J. Emergency department staff attitudes towards mental health consumers: a literature review and thematic content analysis. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2014 June; 23(3):273-84. DOI: 10.1111/inm.12040
Thomas SP. Aggression and violence: perennial concerns for psychiatric mental health nursing. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2016 July; 37(7): 443-5. DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2016.1187507
Moreira V, Torres RB. Empathy and phenomenological reduction: potential contribution to the Rogers thought. Arq Bras Psicol [Internet]. 2013 Jan [cited Mar 2018 11]; 65(2):181-97. Available from: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/arbp/v65n2/03.pdf
Staggs VS. Trends, victims, and injuries in injurious patient assaults on adult, geriatric, and child/adolescent psychiatric units in US hospitals, 2007–2013. Res Nurs Health. 2015 Feb; 38(2):115–20. DOI: 10.1002/nur.21647
Bilici R, Sercan M, Izci F. Level of staff’s exposure to violence at locked psychiatric clinics: a comparison by occupational groups. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2016 July; 37(7):501-6. DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2016.1162883
Berring LL, Hummelvoll JK, Pedersen L, Buus N. A co-operative inquiry into generating, describing, and transforming knowledge about de-escalation practices in mental health settings. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2016 July; 37(7):451-63. DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2016.1154628
Rogers CR. On Becoming a Person. 6th ed. São Paulo: Martins Fontes; 2009.
Oliveira RM, Siqueira Júnior AC, Furegato AR. Perceptions on psychiatric nursing care at a general hospital inpatient unit. Acta Sci Health Sciences. 2016 Jan/June; 38(1):39-47. DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v38i1.28673
Broadbent M, Moxham L, Dwyer T. Implications of the emergency department triage environment on triage practice for clients with a mental illness at triage in an Australian context. Australas Emerg Nurs J. 2014 Feb; 17(1):23-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.aenj.2013.11.002
Dimenstein M, Amorim AKA, Leite J, Siqueira K, Gruska V, Vieira C, et al. The crisis attention in the various components of psychosocial care network in Natal / RN. Polis e Psique [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2019 Oct 06]; 2:95-127. Available from: https://seer.ufrgs.br/PolisePsique/article/view/40323/25630
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Nursing UFPE on line

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Since 2025, authors retain the copyright to their works and grant the Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line – REUOL the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). The Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line – REUOL retains the copyright to works published in issues from 2007 to 2024 and grants the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0) to this content in order to ensure Open Access.
Any user has the right to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you comply with the license terms.
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.



















