Exploring modern education in the late qing china: the wuxi intellectuals' network for "new education" and their impacts on the local society 1902-1905
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51359/2448-0215.2020.248763Keywords:
Education in China, Circulation of ideas, Educational modernizationAbstract
In 1902, three years before the Civil Service Examinations, namely the Keju system, were abolished by the Qing court, Yang Yinhang (1878-1945) and his Japan-trained peers opened Xijin Public School, one of China’s earliest new-style public schools, in WuxiCounty. Their activities were supported by Yang Yinhang’s family members, including his two uncles, gentry scholars Yang Fanfu and Yang Zhixun, as well as his sister Yang Yinyu (1884-1938), who later became the first female university president in modern Chinese history. This neglected network of Yang family in Wuxi around 1902 is significant for us to comprehend how these Chinese intellectuals, who were originally stakeholders of the Keju system, embraced the educational reforms and implemented the state’s reforming agenda by boldly localising their transnational experiences in an era that the idea of “modern education” was still vague. This article argues that, before the Qing court announced a standard school system to replace the Keju system, the Yang family and their networks had formed a pioneering force of new teachers in Wuxi who not only profoundly changed the nature of knowledge and education and a teacher’ social role in the late Qing era, but also anticipated transformations in social ethics and gender ideas in the coming Republican era.
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