The interconnection between hunger, growth and development

the influence on oral health in childhood

Abstract

Children facing food insecurity are more likely to experience poor health and inadequate nutritional outcomes, as hunger and malnutrition have significant adverse effects on children’s growth and development. The absence of essential nutrients can result in stunted growth, cognitive deficits, a compromised immune system and an increased risk of chronic diseases. In addition, malnutrition can contribute to oral health problems, including caries lesions, periodontal diseases and delayed tooth eruption, which also affect children's behavior during dental appointments. In this context, this study carried out an integrative review of the medical literature by using the Pubmed and Lilacs databases, selecting articles published between 2009 and 2023 that addressed the relationship between food insecurity, child development and oral health. Observational studies, clinical trials and systematic reviews assessing the impact of malnutrition on children's oral health were also included. In this sense, the results of this review showed that food insecurity and malnutrition are directly associated with a higher risk of oral health problems, which, in turn, negatively affect children’s growth and development. Thus, this article aims to highlight the intrinsic relationship between hunger, growth, development and oral health in childhood, emphasizing the importance of an integrated approach to promoting children’s overall well-being, including nutritional and oral health interventions in pediatric care.